铅锌矿冶区水稻土氟污染状况及污染源分析

Fluorine Pollution and Pollution Sources of the Paddy Soils in a Lead-Zinc Mining Area

摘要: 以华南某铅锌矿冶区周边农田为研究对象，利用网格布点法，系统调查研究区域水稻土氟污染状况，开展铅锌矿冶区周边农田土壤氟污染源分析。结果表明，水稻田土壤氟污染严重，73%的采样点土壤氟含量超过800 mg∙kg⁻¹，土壤氟含量平均值高达1118 mg∙kg⁻¹；土壤健康指数平均值为1.36，绝大部分采样区域处于土壤高氟污染区，易诱发地氟病；土壤pH值、铅锌含量与水稻土氟的分布存在相关关系，土壤氟含量与土壤pH值呈正相关，与土壤铅含量呈负相关；萤石矿开采和伴生萤石矿的开采是水稻土氟污染的主要来源。研究结果将为掌握当地土壤氟污染状况、预防地氟病发生、改善水稻田土壤环境提供科学依据。

Abstract: Fluorine pollution of a certain lead-zinc mining area and pollution sources of surrounding farmlands were investigated using mesh points method. The results showed that the fluorine pollution of the paddy soils was serious, with 73% of sampling areas higher than 800 mg∙kg⁻¹, which would easily lead to endemic fluorosis. Average soil fluorine content was 1118 mg∙kg−1, and the average soil health index of fluorine was 1.36, and average soil pH was 5.40. Soil lead contents were ranged from 43 mg∙kg⁻¹ to 4961 mg∙kg⁻¹, with an average of 517 mg∙kg⁻¹. Soil zinc contents were ranged from 83 mg∙kg⁻¹ to 4620 mg∙kg⁻¹, with an average of 650 mg∙kg⁻¹. Moreover, fluorine contents were significantly positively correlated with pH (P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with lead contents. Fluorite mining, mineral mine mining and smelting may be the main sources of fluorine pollution in paddy soils of the investigated area. Soil parent material, pesticides and chemical fertilizers could cause fluorine contamination in the paddy soils. The research is potential for improving soil environments and the control of endemic fluorosis.