依托三维数字标本的“PBL + 翻转课堂”模式在生药性状鉴定实验教学中的探索与应用

Exploration and Application of the “PBL + Flipped Classroom” Model Based on 3D Digital Specimens in the Experimental Teaching of Crude Drug Character Identification

摘要: 生药的性状鉴定是《生药学实验》的核心模块之一，传统教学过程中存在标本资源受限、预习缺乏实物支撑、课堂以教师单向讲授为主、学生自主鉴别与综合分析能力培养不足等问题。本研究依托山东大学药学院前期建成的平面中药数字标本馆，开发了“珍稀药材三维数字标本系统”，融合三维虚拟仿真交互技术，构建“线上三维数字标本自主预习 + 线下PBL问题驱动 + 翻转课堂 + Jigsaw拼图协作”一体化混合式教学模式，并应用于生药性状鉴定实验教学。教学流程分为课前线上自主研学、课中PBL拼图式深度研讨、课后综合考核与拓展巩固三阶段；通过多元化过程性考核评价教学成效。实践表明，该模式可突破实物标本时空、品类、安全限制，充分激发学生自主探究意识，强化药材性状辨识、问题分析与团队协作能力，为生药学实验数字化、交互式教学改革提供可复制的实施模式。

Abstract: Character identification of crude drugs is one of the core modules in “Pharmacognosy Experiment”. Traditional teaching methods face limitations such as restricted specimen resources, lack of physical materials for pre-class preparation, teacher-centered instruction, and insufficient development of students’ independent identification and comprehensive analytical skills. Based on the previously established digital herbarium of traditional Chinese medicine at Shandong University School of Pharmaceutical Science, this study developed a “3D Digital Specimen System for Rare Medicinal Materials”, integrating 3D virtual simulation and interactive technology to create an integrated blended teaching model combining “online self-study with 3D digital specimens, offline PBL (Problem-Based Learning) driven by questions, flipped classroom, and Jigsaw collaborative learning”, which has been applied to experimental teaching in pharmacognosy. The teaching process consists of three stages: online self-directed learning before class, in-depth PBL-based group discussions during class, and comprehensive assessment and extension activities after class. Teaching effectiveness is evaluated through diversified formative assessments. Practice shows that this model overcomes spatial, temporal, categorical, and safety constraints associated with physical specimens, effectively stimulates students’ initiative in exploration, strengthens their abilities in identifying medicinal characteristics, analyzing problems, and collaborating in teams, and provides a replicable framework for digital and interactive reform in pharmacognosy experiment education.