数字转型背景下老年线上教育运营监管法律困境与规范路径

Digital Transformation: Legal Dilemmas and Normative Paths of Supervision on Online Elderly Education Operation

摘要: 数字技术的深度渗透重塑了终身教育的供给形态。老年线上教育作为积极老龄化战略与学习型社会建设融合催生的新兴业态，突破了传统老年教育的时空局限，成为银发终身学习体系的重要组成部分。数字化、市场化的线上办学模式丰富了老年群体的精神文化生活，有效弥合了老年数字鸿沟，但也使老年群体暴露于由技术系统与市场逻辑共同制造的新型风险之中，衍生出因法律制度供给、监管架构、平台责任与权益救济机制多重适配性不足引发的结构性困境。本文立足于成人教育治理与网络法治交叉视角，引入风险社会理论与数字守门人理论作为分析框架，结合老年线上教育的业态特征，提出要完善层级化规范体系，补齐数字教育制度供给短板；构建协同化监管架构，破除属地监管治理壁垒；压实平台主体责任，构建前端智能风控体系；优化适老化保障体系，实现救济与自律长效赋能，以期完善老年线上教育治理体系，助力终身教育高质量发展。

Abstract: The in-depth penetration of digital technology has reshaped the supply pattern of lifelong education. As an emerging business form generated by the integration of the active aging strategy and the construction of a learning society, online elderly education breaks through the temporal and spatial limitations of traditional elderly education and constitutes a vital part of the silver-haired lifelong learning system. The digital and market-oriented online school-running model enriches the spiritual and cultural life of the elderly and effectively bridges the elderly digital divide. However, it also exposes the elderly to new types of risks jointly manufactured by technological systems and market logic, giving rise to structural dilemmas caused by the insufficient adaptation of legal system supply, regulatory frameworks, platform responsibilities, and rights and interests relief mechanisms. From the interdisciplinary perspective of adult education governance and network rule of law, this paper introduces the risk society theory and the digital gatekeeper theory as analytical frameworks. It proposes to improve the hierarchical normative system to supplement the shortcomings of digital education system supply, construct a collaborative regulatory framework to break the barriers of territorial supervision, consolidate the responsibilities of platforms to build a front-end intelligent risk control system, and optimize the aging-friendly guarantee system to realize the long-term empowerment of relief and self-regulation. The research aims to improve the governance system of online elderly education and facilitate the high-quality development of lifelong education.