城市老年人“老有所为”社会支持机制的生成逻辑

The Generative Logic of Social Support Mechanism for Urban Elderly People’s “Productive Engagement”

摘要: 在积极应对人口老龄化国家战略背景下，推动城市低龄老年人“老有所为”成为老龄治理的重要议题。现有研究多从影响因素层面展开分析，对社会支持机制的生成过程关注不足。基于积极老龄化理论、社会支持理论、社会交换理论与结构化理论，本文构建“主体需求–制度回应–社会网络–互动调适”四维分析框架，探讨城市低龄老年人“老有所为”社会支持机制的生成逻辑。研究发现，该机制源于主体需求驱动，经由制度回应实现结构化建构，通过社会网络完成资源嵌入与实践转化，并在持续互动调适中实现动态优化与演进，四者共同构成一个动态生成与循环再生产的支持体系。同时，该机制在现实运行中仍面临需求公共化不足、制度整合碎片化、日常情境嵌入不充分以及反馈机制不畅等结构性困境。研究从生成逻辑视角丰富了相关研究的解释路径，并为城市低龄老年人社会参与支持实践提供参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the national strategy for active aging, promoting “productive engagement” among urban young-old adults has become a critical issue in aging governance. Existing studies mainly focus on influencing factors, paying insufficient attention to the generative process of social support mechanisms. Drawing on active aging theory, social support theory, social exchange theory, and structuration theory, this paper constructs a four-dimensional analytical framework of “subject needs—institutional response—social network—interactive adjustment” to explore the generative logic of the social support mechanism for urban young-old adults’ productive engagement. The study finds that this mechanism originates from subject needs, undergoes structural construction through institutional response, achieves resource embedding and practical transformation via social networks, and realizes dynamic optimization and evolution through continuous interactive adjustment. These four dimensions together constitute a dynamically generated and circularly reproduced support system. Meanwhile, in practical operation, the mechanism still faces structural dilemmas such as insufficient publicization of demands, fragmented institutional integration, inadequate embedding in daily contexts, and poor feedback mechanisms. This research enriches the explanatory pathways of relevant studies from the perspective of generative logic and provides a reference for supporting urban elderly people’s social participation.