和美乡村建设背景下农村养老服务体系优化路径研究

Research on Optimization Pathways for Rural Elderly Care Service Systems under the Context of Beautiful and Harmonious Countryside Construction

摘要: 人口老龄化背景下，农村地区普遍面临家庭养老能力弱、公共服务供给不足等问题，而和美乡村建设为农村养老服务体系优化提供了新契机。本文立足“宜居宜业和美乡村”建设要求，梳理和美乡村建设与农村老龄化间的内在关联，并依据“四和四美”建设目标展开分析。研究发现，目前农村养老服务体系中仍存在公共空间适老化不足、银发群体产业参与机制缺乏、公共服务长效运营机制薄弱等现实难题。通过分析和美乡村赋能农村养老服务体系的作用机制，提出将适老化要求纳入建设指标体系、推动公共空间适老化改造、开发银龄产业参与岗位、建立多元主体协同与长效运营机制、推动线上数字治理适老化等优化路径，以期为和美乡村建设与农村养老服务协同发展提供参考。

Abstract: Under the background of population aging, rural areas commonly face challenges such as weakened family-based elderly care capacity and insufficient public service provision, while the construction of beautiful and harmonious villages provides a new opportunity for optimizing rural elderly care service systems. Based on the requirements for building livable, employment-friendly, harmonious, and beautiful villages, this study examines the internal relationship between beautiful and harmonious village construction and rural aging, and analyzes it according to the goals of “four harmonies and four beauties”. The study finds that current rural elderly care service systems still face practical problems, including insufficient age-friendly public spaces, a lack of mechanisms for the industrial participation of older adults, and weak long-term operation mechanisms for public services. By analyzing the mechanisms through which beautiful and harmonious village construction empowers rural elderly care service systems, this study proposes optimization pathways, including incorporating age-friendly requirements into construction indicator systems, promoting age-friendly renovation of public spaces, developing industrial participation positions for older adults, establishing multi-actor collaboration and long-term operation mechanisms, and improving the age-friendliness of online digital governance. These pathways are intended to provide a reference for the coordinated development of beautiful and harmonious village construction and rural elderly care services.