深度老龄化背景下养老保障三支柱体系优化研究——基于社会治理与金融配套服务的双重视角

Research on the Optimization of the Three-Pillar Pension Security System under the Background of Deep Aging—From the Dual Perspective of Social Governance and Supporting Financial Services

摘要: 人口深度老龄化已成为我国长期基本国情，传统单一养老保障模式难以适配老年群体多元需求，养老保障三支柱体系暴露出结构失衡、主体协同不足、配套服务错位等诸多问题。本文以福利多元主义、积极老龄化、生命周期及金融功能理论为支撑，界定养老保障三支柱体系的内涵与主体功能，结合深度老龄化现状剖析体系运行的现实困境，并从社会治理、金融配套服务两大维度提出优化路径。研究表明，构建政府主导、市场参与、社会协同、金融赋能的一体化发展格局，能够推动三支柱养老保障体系均衡发展，有效化解人口老龄化引发的社会风险，实现社会效益与经济效益协同共进。

Abstract: Population deep aging has become a long-term basic national condition of China. The traditional single pension security model can no longer meet the diverse needs of the elderly, and the three-pillar pension security system is faced with prominent problems such as structural imbalance, insufficient coordination among multiple participants and mismatched supporting services. Based on the theories of welfare pluralism, active aging, life cycle and financial function, this paper defines the connotation and main functions of the three-pillar pension security system, analyzes the current development status and practical dilemmas of the system under the background of deep aging. From the perspectives of social governance and financial supporting services, this paper puts forward targeted optimization paths. The research shows that building an integrated pattern led by the government, participated by the market, coordinated by all sectors of society and empowered by finance can promote the balanced development of the three-pillar pension security system, effectively defuse social risks brought by population aging, and realize the coordinated development of social benefits and economic benefits.