老龄化社会背景下赡养问题与相关规制完善路径

The Problem of Support and the Way to Improve Relevant Regulations under the Background of Aging Society

摘要: 当前我国迈入中度老龄化社会，传统多子女共同分摊养老压力的家庭模式受到人口结构变革的冲击开始逐步瓦解，老年群体面临的赡养保障压力与风险呈现出新的结构性特征。囿于家庭规模小型化、代际分居常态化及赡养能力弱化的现实境况，家庭赡养风险已深刻嵌入经济供养、生活照料与精神慰藉三重维度之中，表现出隐蔽性、持续性与系统性的复合特征。现有规制对赡养标准、履职问责和多元协同的规定仍不够细化。本文从完善相关规制出发，旨在构建涵盖家庭尽责、社会协同、市场补充与政府兜底的多层次赡养保障体系，以期实现由原则性规定向可落地执行的制度转型，提升老龄化社会中赡养制度的整体效能，保障老年群体的基本养老权益。

Abstract: As China enters a moderately aging society, the traditional multi-child elderly support model is collapsing under demographic shifts, giving rise to new structural risks in old-age security. Constrained by shrinking households, intergenerational separation, and weakened family support capacity, current risks in family-based care are embedded in financial support, daily care, and emotional consolation, exhibiting concealed, persistent, and systemic characteristics. The current regulatory framework remains insufficiently detailed with respect to the standards for maintenance support, accountability for duty performance, and multi-stakeholder coordination mechanisms. This paper proposes a multi-level elderly support system that integrates family responsibility, social collaboration, market supplementation, and government guarantee. Such a system aims to transform principle-based provisions into enforceable norms, enhance overall governance efficiency, and safeguard the basic rights and interests of the elderly in an aging society.