佛山市不同年龄段老人群体的需求差异与异质化养老策略

The Demand Differences and Heterogeneous Pension Strategies of the Elderly Groups of Different Ages in Foshan

摘要: 佛山市已步入人口老龄化社会，对养老保障体系提出了更多新要求。为了缓解养老服务不足和供需错配等问题，揭示老年群体需求的内在差异并制定异质化养老策略十分重要。本文通过问卷调查和访谈，探讨不同年龄段老人群体在养老需求、服务满意度、智慧养老等维度的差异，提出异质化养老策略。低龄老人身体机能较好，认知能力较强，重在满足发展性需求和智慧赋能；中龄老人身体机能衰退，部分认知下降，重在满足保障性需求和智慧助老；高龄老人失能失智的风险增加，长期照护依赖度高，重在满足生存性需求和智慧护老。通过构建多层次养老服务体系、“15分钟养老服务圈”、“社区 + 物业”嵌入式养老等方式，实现不同年龄段老人群体养老服务的精准识别与供需匹配，提升养老质量。

Abstract: Foshan has entered an aging society, which puts forward new requirements for the old-age security system. In order to alleviate the problems of insufficient pension services and mismatch between supply and demand, it is very important to reveal the internal differences of the elderly group and formulate heterogeneous pension measures. Through questionnaire survey and interviews, this paper discusses the differences in the dimensions of elderly care needs, service satisfaction, and smart elderly care among different age groups, and puts forward heterogeneous pension strategies. The young elderly have good physical function and strong cognitive ability, focusing on meeting the developmental needs and intellectual empowerment; the middle-aged elderly are prone to chronic diseases and some cognitive decline, focusing on meeting the security needs and intellectual assistance; the oldest elderly have a high risk of disability and dementia, and rely on long-term care, focusing on meeting survival needs and intellectual elderly care. Through the construction of multi-level old-age service system, “15-minute old-age service circle”, “community + property” embedded old-age care, etc., the accurate identification and supply-demand matching of old-age care services for different age groups are realized, and improve the quality of old-age care.