人口老龄化背景下我国银发经济发展现状、困境及路径优化研究

Research on the Development Status, Challenges, and Path Optimization of China’s Silver Hair Economy under the Background of Population Aging

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化进程的持续提速，老年人口总量逐年扩容、老龄化结构不断深化，传统人口格局与社会经济发展模式发生深刻变革。银发经济作为依托老年人口消费需求、健康需求、养老服务需求衍生的新型经济形态，既是应对人口老龄化挑战的重要抓手，也是拉动内需增长、推动经济结构转型升级、完善民生保障体系的核心增长点。本文立足于我国人口老龄化发展的现实国情，明确界定银发经济的核心内涵与业态分类，系统剖析当前银发经济在老年健康产业、养老服务产业、老年文娱文旅、老年用品制造等重点领域的发展现状，深入挖掘产业发展过程中存在的供给结构失衡、专业人才缺口突出、政策配套体系不完善、消费市场培育不足、科技创新融合程度低等现实困境。在此基础上，结合我国人口政策、养老保障制度及公共服务体系建设的实际要求，从政策顶层设计、产业结构升级、养老服务提质、老年健康赋能、科技智慧赋能、消费市场培育六个维度，提出推动银发经济高质量发展的针对性优化路径，为破解人口老龄化带来的社会压力、健全养老保障与养老服务体系、释放银发经济市场红利提供理论参考与实践借鉴。

Abstract: With the continuous acceleration of China’s aging process, the total number of elderly people has been expanding year by year, the aging structure has been deepening, and the traditional population pattern and social and economic development model have undergone profound changes. As a new economic form derived from the consumption needs, health needs and elderly care service needs of the elderly population, the silver economy is not only an important starting point to address the challenges of population aging, but also a core growth point to stimulate domestic demand growth, promote economic structure transformation and upgrading, and improve the people’s livelihood security system. Based on the actual national conditions of China’s population aging development, this paper clearly defines the core connotation and industrial classification of the silver economy, systematically analyzes the current development status of the silver economy in key fields such as the elderly health industry, elderly care service industry, elderly cultural and recreational tourism, and elderly products manufacturing, and deeply explores the practical difficulties existing in the industrial development, such as unbalanced supply structure, prominent shortage of professional talents, imperfect policy supporting system, insufficient cultivation of consumer market, and low degree of scientific and technological innovation integration. On this basis, combined with the actual requirements of China’s population policy, elderly care security system and public service system construction, this paper puts forward targeted optimization paths to promote the high-quality development of the silver economy from six dimensions: top-level policy design, industrial structure upgrading, elderly care service quality improvement, elderly health empowerment, scientific and technological wisdom empowerment, and consumer market cultivation, so as to provide theoretical reference and practical reference for solving the social pressure brought by population aging, improving the elderly care security and elderly care service system, and releasing the market dividend of the silver economy.