乡村振兴背景下农村空巢老人养老困境与治理对策

Pension Dilemma and Governance Paths of Rural Empty-Nest Elderly in the Context of Rural Revitalization

摘要: 乡村振兴战略推进过程中，城乡人口流动常态化、农村家庭结构小型化，使得农村空巢老人群体持续扩大，传统家庭养老模式不断弱化，农村养老成为乡村治理与民生保障的重点难点问题。当前我国农村空巢老人普遍存在经济保障薄弱、生活照护缺失、精神慰藉不足、医疗养老衔接不畅、公共服务供给滞后、数字适老困难等现实问题。本文基于乡村振兴视角，通过梳理现有研究成果、分析农村空巢老人养老发展现状，系统归纳当前养老核心困境，并针对每一项困境提出精准对应的优化治理路径，旨在构建适配农村发展实际、多元协同的养老治理体系，助力乡村全面振兴与积极老龄化落地。

Abstract: With the advancement of the rural revitalization strategy, the normalization of urban-rural population mobility and the miniaturization of rural family structures have continuously expanded the group of rural empty-nest elderly and weakened the traditional family pension model. Rural elderly care has become a key and difficult issue in rural governance and people’s livelihood security. At present, rural empty-nest elderly in China generally face practical problems such as inadequate economic security, insufficient daily care, lack of spiritual comfort, poor integration of medical care and elderly care, lagging public services and difficulties in digital aging adaptation. From the perspective of rural revitalization, this paper reviews existing research and analyzes the current situation of elderly care for rural empty-nest elderly. It systematically summarizes core pension dilemmas and puts forward targeted optimization paths for each problem. The aim is to establish a diversified and collaborative elderly care governance system suitable for rural development, and promote comprehensive rural revitalization and active aging.