欠发达地区农村人口老龄化的现实困境与本土化应对——基于六盘水市水城区的实证分析

Realistic Dilemmas and Localized Responses to Rural Population Aging in Underdeveloped Regions—An Empirical Analysis Based on Shuicheng District of Liupanshui City

摘要: 人口老龄化已成为中国乡村振兴与城乡融合发展进程中不可回避的重大议题。贵州省六盘水市水城区作为典型的喀斯特山区、乡村振兴重点地区与工矿转型区，存在农村人口老龄化叠加劳动力外流、公共服务供给不足等多重约束。本文梳理水城区农村老龄化的规模特征和结构特征，剖析老龄化对农村经济发展、社会保障、家庭照护、基层治理带来的系统性挑战，借鉴积极老龄化、互助养老、韧性治理等理论成果，构建适配水城区喀斯特山区农村实际的老龄化治理体系，提出夯实养老保障底线、发展互助养老模式、推进医养结合服务、开发老年人力资源、强化基层韧性治理五位一体的应对路径，为西部欠发达地区农村积极应对人口老龄化提供个案参考。

Abstract: Population aging has become an unavoidable major issue in China’s rural revitalization and urban-rural integrated development. Shuicheng District of Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, is a typical Karst mountainous area, a key region for rural revitalization, and an industrial and mining transformation zone, where rural population aging is compounded by multiple constraints such as labor outflow and insufficient public service provision. This paper systematically reviews the scale and structural characteristics of rural aging in Shuicheng District, analyzes the systemic challenges posed by aging to rural economic development, social security, family care, and grassroots governance. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as active aging, mutual-aid elderly care, and resilient governance, this paper constructs a governance system adapted to the actual conditions of rural areas in the Karst mountainous region of Shuicheng District, and proposes a five-in-one response path that includes consolidating the bottom line of elderly care security, developing mutual-aid elderly care models, promoting integrated medical and nursing care services, developing elderly human resources, and strengthening resilient grassroots governance, so as to provide a case-based reference for actively coping with population aging in rural areas of underdeveloped western regions.