数字治理视域下智慧应急管理技术约束与优化路径——以上海“一网统管”城市运行管理平台为例

Technical Constraints and Optimization Paths of Smart Emergency Management in the Perspective of Digital Governance—A Case Study of Shanghai’s “Unified City Management” Platform

摘要: 超大城市智慧应急管理正面临从“技术赋能”向“治理效能”转化的现实挑战。本文以上海城市运行“一网统管”平台为研究对象，基于政府工具理论与技术执行框架，系统剖析数字技术嵌入应急管理组织体系后的运作逻辑与结构性约束。研究表明，“一网统管”通过数据集成与流程闭环显著提升了风险感知精度与信息节点处理能力，但在基层实践中仍受到跨部门数据口径异构、过载留痕操作、算法预警可解释性不足以及多主体协作链条中的权责界面模糊等多重机制制约。据此，智慧应急管理的优化路径应超越单纯的技术堆砌与大屏展示，构建涵盖场景化数据标准、嵌入式算法解释、效能导向的业务流程优化以及包容性学习复盘的闭环治理机制，促进数字技术与应急管理体制的深度调和。

Abstract: Smart emergency management in megacities faces practical challenges in transforming technological empowerment into governance efficacy. Taking Shanghai’s “Unified City Management” platform as the research object, this paper systematically analyzes the operational logic and structural constraints of digital technology embedded in the emergency management organizational system based on government tools theory and the technology enactment framework. The research shows that while data integration and closed-loop processes significantly enhance risk visibility and information processing capacity, grassroots practices are constrained by heterogeneous data standards, burdensome documentation workflows, insufficient algorithmic explainability, and ambiguous boundary responsibilities across multi-actor chains. Accordingly, optimization paths should transcend simple technology stacking and large-screen displays and construct a closed-loop governance mechanism covering scenario-based data standards, embedded algorithmic explainability, efficacy-oriented workflow optimization, and inclusive learning and review, thereby promoting deep coordination between digital technology and the emergency management system.