老年人数字融入困境的结构性根源与治理路径

Structural Root Causes and Governance Paths of the Elderly’s Digital Integration Dilemma

摘要: 数字化进程与人口老龄化同向推进，中国老年网民数量持续攀升，但数量优势未能自动转化为实质性的数字融入。当前，老年人在就医、出行、消费等日常事务中普遍面临数字排斥，部分已经“触网”的群体还陷入了网络沉迷、电信诈骗等新型困境。借助社会排斥理论与增强权能理论，本文指出：老年人数字接入障碍的核心诱因并非个体学习能力的衰减，而是多重结构性因素叠加作用的结果。沿着个体–人际–环境三个层面展开分析，生理与认知功能的衰退构筑了个体层面的参与壁垒；家庭数字技能反向传递不足及同龄人互助网络欠缺，形成了人际层面的支持缺口；技术产品的适老化水平偏低、政策供给碎片化以及社区赋能机制薄弱，构成了外部环境的系统性排斥。三重困境相互嵌套，共同固化为难以打破的数字融入壁垒。针对上述问题，本文构建“个体能力重建–人际关系修复–外部环境优化”三位一体的治理框架，厘清家庭、社区、政府、企业各自的协同治理责任，为推进数字包容与老年友好型社会建设提供参考。

Abstract: The digitalization process is advancing in the same direction as population aging. The number of elderly Internet users in China has been continuously rising, but the quantitative advantage has not automatically translated into substantial digital integration. At present, the elderly generally face digital rejection in daily affairs such as medical treatment, travel and consumption. Some groups that have already “gone online” have also fallen into new predicaments such as Internet addiction and telecom fraud. By drawing on the social exclusion theory and the empowerment theory, this paper points out that the core cause of digital access barriers among the elderly is not the decline of individual learning ability, but the result of the superimposed effect of multiple structural factors. The analysis is carried out along the three levels of individual, interpersonal and environment. The decline of physiological and cognitive functions has constructed the participation barriers at the individual level. The insufficient reverse transmission of digital skills within families and the lack of peer mutual assistance networks have created a support gap at the interpersonal level. The low level of elderly-friendly technological products, fragmented policy supply and weak community empowerment mechanisms have formed a systematic exclusion from the external environment. The triple predicaments are nested within each other and jointly solidify into an insurmountable barrier to digital integration. In response to the above issues, this paper constructs a three-in-one governance framework of “individual capacity reconstruction-interpersonal relationship repair-external environment optimization”, clarifies the collaborative governance responsibilities of families, communities, governments, and enterprises respectively, and provides a reference for promoting the construction of a digital inclusive and elderly-friendly society.