增能理论视角下混合型安置社区业委会治理困境及社会工作介入研究

Homeowners’ Committee Governance Dilemmas and Social Work Intervention in a Mixed Resettlement Community from an Empowerment Perspective

摘要: 本文将混合型安置社区界定为拆迁安置住户与人才公寓、廉租房等保障性住房共同存在，且产权、居住资格与物业责任认知多元的社区。以A社区为个案(多层与高层并存、住户逾千户、由国有物业企业服务)，通过目的性及关键知情人抽样开展半结构式访谈、非参与式观察和资料分析。研究发现，业委会存在参与和运行能力不足，物业付费认知与服务体验相冲突，业主、业委会与物业之间沟通和信任不足，公开留痕及专业支持薄弱。本文以增能理论为主线，结合公共选择与集体行动、社会资本理论，区分可由规则优化改善的程序性冲突与源于身份、产权及成本收益差异的结构性冲突，提出“阳光助理”支持机制，明确治理结构、资金来源、监督问责、权责边界和推广条件。研究认为，该模式适用于自治组织已有基础但运行薄弱、基层支持资源可进入的混合型安置社区，旨在支持而非替代居民自治。

Abstract: This article defines a mixed resettlement community as a setting where resettled households coexist with talent apartments, low-rent housing, and other tenure arrangements, bringing diverse property rights, residential qualifications, and expectations of property responsibility into one governance space. Community A contains multi-storey and high-rise housing, more than one thousand households, and a state-owned property management enterprise. Based on purposive and key-informant sampling, the study uses semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis. The study finds limited participation in and operational capacity of the homeowners’ committee; a mismatch between residents’ views of property-management fees and their service experience; weak communication and trust among homeowners, the committee, and the property-management company; and inadequate disclosure, record keeping, and professional support. Guided by empowerment theory and informed by public choice, collective action, and social capital theories, it distinguishes procedural conflicts that clearer rules may ease from structural conflicts rooted in differences in residential status, property rights, and perceived costs and benefits. The proposed “Sunshine Assistant” mechanism specifies governance, funding, oversight, responsibilities, and conditions for adoption. It aims to strengthen resident self-governance in communities with existing but weak self-governance structures and accessible support resources.