消除认知差与信息差：高校生涯教育向就业育人转型的路径与模型

Bridging Cognitive and Information Gaps: Pathways and a Model for Transforming Career Education in Higher Education into Employment-Oriented Talent Cultivation

摘要: 高校生涯教育虽在政策层面获得重视，却陷入“重技巧、轻认知”的实践困境。本文在梳理国内外生涯教育相关理论的基础上，对“认知差”“信息差”与“认知唤醒”作出界定，提出高校生涯教育向就业育人转型的路径与模型：理念从“技巧传授”转向“认知唤醒”；目标从“就业导向”转向“成长导向”；内容从“信息堆砌”转向“认知建构”；方法从“单向灌输”转向“体验互动”。进而构建“认知唤醒–信息赋能–行动转化”三阶就业育人模型。并通过单校模型试点的应用过程、实施问题与初步效果，进而从师资、经费、评价与学生动机四个方面提出推广应用的应对策略，以期为高校生涯教育转型提供可操作的实践框架。

Abstract: Although college-level career education has received policylevel attention, it is trapped in a practical dilemma of “prioritizing skills over cognition”. On the basis of sorting out relevant domestic and international theories of career education, this paper defines “cognitive gap”, “information gap” and “cognitive awakening”, and puts forward paths and models for the transformation of college career education toward employment-oriented education. Specifically, the philosophy shifts from “skill teaching” to “cognitive awakening”; the objective changes from “employment-orientation” to “growth-orientation”; the content evolves from “information piling-up” to “cognitive construction”; and the methodology transforms from “one-way indoctrination” to “experiential interaction”. Furthermore, this study constructs a three-stage employmentoriented education model: “cognitive awakening-information empowerment-action transformation”. Based on the application process, implementation challenges and preliminary outcomes of a single-university pilot of the model, countermeasures for its popularization are proposed from four dimensions: faculty resources, funding, evaluation system and student motivation. It is expected to deliver an operable practical framework for the transformation of college career education.