从科研到课堂：含氟低介电树脂微球制备的实验教学改革与实践

From Research to Classroom: Reform and Practice of Experimental Teaching in the Preparation of Fluorinated Low-Dielectric Resin Microspheres

摘要: 针对传统高分子化学实验教学中阳离子聚合反应类型长期缺失、分子构效关系训练薄弱、实验训练缺乏设计–合成–表征–评价的全链条科研思维等突出问题，本教改项目将含氟低介电树脂微球的制备研究成果转化为本科综合性创新实验。实验涵盖了无水无氧悬浮聚合工艺、含氟单体比例调控、产物纯化以及傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热法、高频介电性能的表征等完整科研流程。通过对比不同配方条件下产物的结构与性能数据，引导学生深入理解含氟基团降低介电常数的作用机制，系统建立分子结构与宏观性能之间的构效关系认知。教学实践表明，该实验有效激发了学生的科研兴趣，显著提升了学生在无水无氧操作、谱图解析及构效关系分析等方面的综合能力，实验报告质量与课堂参与度均较传统验证性实验有明显改善。本实验实现了科研成果向优质教学资源的高效转化，为高分子材料与工程、应用化学等专业开展科教融合实验教学提供了可推广的范例。

Abstract: In view of the long-term lack of cationic polymerization reaction types in traditional polymer chemistry experiment teaching, the weak training of molecular structure-activity relationship, and the lack of full-chain scientific research thinking of design-synthesis-characterization-evaluation in experimental training, this teaching reform project transforms the research results of the preparation of fluorine-containing low-dielectric resin microspheres into undergraduate comprehensive innovation experiments. The experiment covers the complete scientific research process of anhydrous and anaerobic suspension polymerization process, fluorine-containing monomer ratio regulation, product purification, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and characterization of high-frequency dielectric properties. By comparing the structure and performance data of the products under different formulation conditions, students are guided to deeply understand the mechanism of the fluorine-containing groups to reduce the dielectric constant, and systematically establish the structure-activity relationship between molecular structure and macroscopic properties. The teaching practice shows that the experiment effectively stimulates students’ interest in scientific research, and significantly improves students’ comprehensive ability in anhydrous and anaerobic operation, spectrum analysis and structure-activity relationship analysis. The quality of experimental reports and classroom participation are significantly improved compared with traditional confirmatory experiments. This experiment realizes the efficient transformation of scientific research achievements into high-quality teaching resources, and provides a popularized example for the integration of science and education in polymer materials and engineering, applied chemistry and other majors.