数字科技赋能绿色航运物流低碳转型的机理、瓶颈与工程管理路径研究

Mechanism, Barriers and Engineering Management Pathways of Digital Technology Enabling Low-Carbon Transformation of Green Shipping Logistics

摘要: 在“双碳”目标驱动下，航运物流行业面临严峻的减排压力，数字科技为其低碳转型提供了新的突破口。本文从管理科学与工程和工程管理的视角出发，系统梳理航运物流的碳排放现状与绿色发展趋势，构建“数据监测–智能优化–协同治理”的三层赋能分析框架及其工程实现框架，阐释大数据、物联网、人工智能、数字孪生等技术在碳核算、能耗优化与港航协同中的作用机理与工程集成机制。在此基础上，引入组织行为学与制度经济学理论，深入剖析数据孤岛、技术应用浅层化、标准缺失与协同失灵等现实瓶颈背后的利益冲突、信任缺失与制度障碍。从技术管理、运营管理与政策管理三个维度提出数字化赋能的低碳转型工程管理路径：技术层面强调轻量化部署与低碳算法迭代、技术集成与工程化部署；在运营层面倡导数字化碳管理体系与跨企业减排绩效契约；政策层面主张完善核算标准、优化补贴机制与建立协同监管框架。研究为航运业绿色转型提供了管理决策参考与工程实践方案，丰富了数字科技赋能传统产业低碳化的管理理论研究与工程管理研究。

Abstract: Driven by the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the shipping and logistics industry faces mounting pressure to reduce emissions, with digital technology offering a new breakthrough for its low-carbon transformation. From the perspective of management science and engineering and engineering management, this paper systematically reviews the current carbon emission status and green development trends of the shipping and logistics sector, and constructs a three-tier enabling analytical framework of “data monitoring—intelligent optimization—collaborative governance” and its engineering implementation framework, to elucidate the mechanisms through which technologies such as big data, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and digital twins facilitate carbon accounting, energy consumption optimization and port-shipping collaboration, as well as their engineering integration mechanisms. On this basis, adopting theories of organizational behavior and institutional economics, it further explores the conflicts of interest, lack of trust and institutional barriers behind major bottlenecks including data silos, shallow technology application, absence of standards and ineffective collaboration, and their constraints on engineering implementation. From the three dimensions of technology management, operations management and policy management, this paper proposes engineering management pathways for low-carbon transformation enabled by digitalization: lightweight deployment, low-carbon algorithm iteration, technology integration and engineering deployment at the technology level; digital carbon management systems and cross-enterprise emission reduction performance contracts at the operations level; and improved accounting standards, optimized subsidy mechanisms and collaborative regulatory frameworks at the policy level. The research provides management decision-making references and engineering practice solutions for the green transformation of the shipping industry and enriches the management theory and engineering management research on digital technology enabling low-carbon transformation of traditional industries.