社区养老服务困境与多元共治研究路径——基于太原市社区养老服务的案例分析

Research Path of Community Elderly Care Service Dilemmas and Multi-Actor Collaborative Governance—A Case Study Based on Community Elderly Care Services in Taiyuan

摘要: 2025年末我国60岁及以上人口达3.23亿，占23.0%，预计2035年突破4亿，进入重度老龄化阶段。在家庭养老弱化、机构供给不足、社区能力有限的现实约束下，构建适应老龄化社会的养老服务体系成为重大治理议题。研究发现，社区养老的核心困境在于制度设计碎片化、资源整合低效与参与主体单一化。本文基于协同治理理论与社会资本理论，以太原市典型社区为案例开展实地调研，系统分析社区养老服务的供需矛盾、主体协同困境与制度短板，并借鉴日本、英国、德国等国家经验，提出构建“政府引导–社区依托–社会参与–技术赋能”的多元共治养老服务体系，推动社区养老服务从政府主导向多元共治转型，充分发挥社会组织、志愿者与家庭的协同效应。研究兼具理论价值与实践参考意义。

Abstract: By the end of 2025, China’s population aged 60 and above reached 323 million, accounting for 23.0% of the total population, and is projected to exceed 400 million by 2035, entering a severe aging stage. Under the constraints of weakened family pension functions, insufficient institutional supply, and limited community service capacity, building a pension service system adapted to an aging society has become a major governance issue. The study finds that the core predicaments of community elderly care lie in fragmented institutional design, inefficient resource integration, and oversimplified participation. Drawing on collaborative governance theory and social capital theory, this paper conducts field research in typical communities in Taiyuan, systematically analyzing the supply-demand contradictions, multi-actor coordination difficulties, and institutional deficiencies in community elderly care. Drawing on experiences from Japan, the UK, and Germany, it proposes a “government guidance–community support-social participation-technology empowerment” multi-actor collaborative governance system, aiming to promote the transformation from government-dominated to multi-actor collaborative governance and fully leverage the synergistic effects of social organizations, volunteers, and families. This research provides both theoretical and practical value.