特色保教视域下幼儿自主学习能力创新培养方法研究

Research on Innovative Cultivation Methods of Children’s Autonomous Learning Ability from the Characteristic Perspective of Education and Care

摘要: 幼儿自主学习能力是支撑幼儿终身可持续发展的核心素养。本文立足大连舰艇学院幼儿园海洋特色保教实践，采用混合研究法开展专项研究，综合运用课堂观察、教师反思日记、幼儿作品分析、幼儿行为量化记录等方式收集多维度实证资料；系统分析了国内外幼儿自主学习相关理论与前沿研究成果，从内在动机、学习策略、意志品质、外部环境四个维度剖析制约幼儿自主学习发展的关键影响因素，依托园本海洋主题实践，构建了“动机激发–策略指导–环境赋能–合作支撑”四维培养路径，通过质性文本、幼儿创作作品、行为频次量化数据佐证实践成效，为特色幼儿园依托主题课程培育幼儿自主学习意识、提升自主探究能力提供了可落地的实践参考。

Abstract: The ability of young children to learn independently is a core competency that supports their lifelong sustainable development. This article is based on the practice of marine characteristic education in the kindergarten of Dalian Naval Academy. A mixed research method is used to conduct a special study, and multidimensional empirical data are collected through classroom observation, teacher reflection diary, analysis of children’s works, and quantitative recording of children’s behavior; The system analyzed the relevant theories and cutting-edge research results of independent learning for young children at home and abroad, and analyzed the key influencing factors that restrict the development of independent learning for young children from four dimensions: intrinsic motivation, learning strategies, willpower, and external environment. Based on the practice of the theme project of the kindergarten, a four-dimensional training path of “motivation stimulation strategy guidance environment empowerment cooperation support” was constructed. The practical effectiveness was supported by qualitative texts, children’s creative works, and quantitative data on behavior frequency, providing practical references for characteristic kindergartens to cultivate children’s independent learning awareness and enhance their independent exploration ability through theme courses.