城市老年人精神养老的影响因素及组态路径研究

A Study on the Influencing Factors and Configuration Pathways of Spiritual Care for Urban Elderly

摘要: 养老问题正逐步从物质问题转变为精神问题，“精神养老”对活动空间有限的城市老年人养老质量的提升意义重大。为探究多重因素的复杂因果机制，本文采用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法，深入探讨“精神养老”的多元影响因素：社会适应心理、文化、经济收入、家庭子女支持、社区服务、环境设施六个关键因素如何影响城市老年人的精神养老水平，并通过组态路径分析这些因素的交互作用。研究结论表明，“精神养老”模式可以由四条组态路径形成，分别是文化艺术型，朴实社会型，自得其乐型和高质量型。此外，经济收入等物质保障对城市老年人精神养老具有补偿效应，政府应该降低老人的生活成本；以社区为核心的养老体系在未来应该放在首位，最终形成他养与老人自养相结合的养老模式。

Abstract: The problem of providing for the aged is gradually changing from material problems to spiritual problems. The “spiritual providing for the aged” is of great significance to the improvement of the quality of providing for the aged in cities with limited activity space. In order to explore the complex causal mechanism of multiple factors, this paper uses the method of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsqca) to deeply explore how the multiple influencing factors of “spiritual care”: social adaptation psychology, culture, economic income, family child support, community service, environmental facilities affect the level of spiritual care for urban elderly, and analyzes the interaction of these factors through configuration path. The research conclusion shows that the “spiritual endowment” mode can be formed by four configuration paths, namely, cultural and artistic type, simple social type, self enjoyment type and high-quality type. In addition, material security such as economic income has a compensation effect on the spiritual care for the urban elderly, and the government should reduce the cost of living of the elderly; the pension system with the community as the core should be put in the first place in the future, and finally form the pension mode of combining other support and self support of the elderly.