锌渣材料在碱性可充电锌镍电池中的应用研究

Study on the Application of Zinc Dross Materials in Alkaline Rechargeable Zinc-Nickel Batteries

摘要: 碱性锌镍电池采用氧化锌为负极，并通过添加锌、氧化铋、氧化铟等添加剂提高性能。锌冶炼副产物锌渣主要成分为氧化锌与金属锌，且含有铋、铟等功能性微量元素，可低成本替代商用氧化锌作为负极原料，实现冶金固废高值化利用。本文通过成分、物相、形貌、电化学测试，对比分析锌渣与商用氧化锌电极的电化学性能。测试结果表明，锌渣电极与ZnO化学性质相似，但是析氢和腐蚀副反应更显著。在30% DOD浅放电条件下，两种电极循环性能基本一致，但是在高载量或60% DOD深放电工况下，锌渣电极容量衰减速率更快。机械球磨可进一步提升锌渣的倍率性能与循环稳定性，证实锌渣具备作为锌镍电池负极原料的应用潜力。

Abstract: Alkaline zinc-nickel batteries use zinc oxide as the negative electrode, and their performance is enhanced by additives such as zinc, bismuth oxide, and indium oxide. Zinc dross, a byproduct of zinc smelting, is mainly composed of zinc oxide and metallic zinc, and contains functional trace elements such as bismuth and indium. It can serve as a low‑cost substitute for commercial zinc oxide as the negative electrode material, enabling high‑value utilization of metallurgical solid waste. In this work, the electrochemical performance of zinc dross electrodes and commercial ZnO electrodes was comparatively analyzed through composition, phase, morphology, and electrochemical tests. The results show that the zinc dross electrode exhibits similar chemical properties to the ZnO electrode, but with more pronounced hydrogen evolution and corrosion side reactions. Under low discharge depth of 30% DOD, the cycling performance of the two electrodes is essentially comparable; however, under high‑loading or deep‑discharge conditions at 60% DOD, the zinc dross electrode shows a faster capacity decay rate. Mechanical ball milling further improves the rate capability and cycling stability of zinc dross, confirming its potential as a negative electrode material for zinc-nickel batteries.