基于空间生产理论与空间–社会–历史视角的上海中心城区街区绿化模式与演变分析

An Analysis of Block Greening Patterns and Evolution in Shanghai Central Urban Area: Based on Space Production Theory and the Space-Society-History Perspective

摘要: 城市绿化空间是生态环境与社会文化的重要载体。本文基于列斐伏尔空间生产理论，结合“空间–社会–历史”框架，考察上海中心城区街区绿化的演变历程与机制。研究以1949年以前、1949~1978年、1978年以后三阶段展开梳理，并选取人民公园、山阴路石库门里弄、陆家嘴中心绿地三案例，运用空间三维辩证法深描空间实践、空间表征与表征性空间的互动。结果显示，上海街区绿化经历了从“展示性的表征空间”向“生活化的实践空间”的转变，形成政治开放型、社会赋权型与规划转化型三种路径；三案例比较表明，生活化程度与表征向实践的让渡程度正相关，并取决于制度设计。当前中心城区仍面临土地紧缺、分布不均、公平性不足与功能兼顾困难等问题。据此，本文针对历史风貌区、高密度社区与滨水空间提出差异化提升策略，并以多方协同与评估反馈机制保障落地。

Abstract: Urban green space is an important carrier of the ecological environment and social culture. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space and a “space-society-history” framework, this paper examines the evolution and mechanisms of block greening in Shanghai’s central urban area. The study traces this process across three stages—before 1949, 1949~1978 and after 1978—and selects three cases, People’s Park, the Shikumen lilong on Shanyin Road and Lujiazui Central Green, to examine the interaction between spatial practice, representations of space and representational spaces through Lefebvre’s spatial triad. The results show that block greening in Shanghai has undergone a transition from “display-oriented representational spaces” to “life-oriented practice spaces”, forming three paths: politically opened-up, socially empowered and planning-converted transformation. A comparison of the three cases indicates that the degree of life-orientation is positively correlated with the extent to which representations of space cede ground to spatial practice, which in turn depends on institutional design. The central urban area still faces problems such as scarce land, uneven distribution, insufficient greening equity and difficulties in balancing ecological and social functions. Accordingly, this paper proposes differentiated improvement strategies for historical landscape areas, high-density communities and waterfront spaces, supported by a multi-stakeholder coordination and evaluation-feedback mechanism to ensure implementation.