大学生儿童期虐待与父母教养方式的关系

The Relationship between College Students’ Childhood Abuse and Parental Rearing Patterns

摘要: 探讨儿童期虐待的影响因素，以及儿童虐待和父母教养方式之间的关系，为减少不适宜的父母教养方式的影响和儿童虐待提供依据。采用童年期创伤问卷(CTQ-SF)、父母教养方式问卷(EMBU)对某大学大一大二年级545名学生进行调查。结果显示男生躯体受虐，性受虐，情感忽视、躯体忽视状况较女生多(t = 3.02, 2.70, 5.11, 4.33, p均 < 0.01)；非独生子女比独生子女在儿童期虐待各个因子上都要显著；父母文化水平高是儿童虐待的保护性因素。父母惩罚严厉、过分干涉、拒绝否认与儿童虐待都呈正相关(r = 0.146~0.506, p < 0.05)；父母情感温暖理解与情感虐待、躯体虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视呈负相关(r = −0.623~−0.104, p < 0.05)。说明家庭中多种因素可能导致儿童虐待，父母教养方式是儿童期虐待的重要影响因素。

Abstract: The paper was aimed to explore the influencing factors of childhood abuse and the relationship between childhood abuse and parenting rearing patterns, and to provide the basis for reducing the effects of inappropriate parenting and child abuse. 545 college students from grade 1 to 2 were as-sessed with CTQ-SF and EMBU. The results showed that the scores of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect of schoolboys were higher than schoolgirls (t = 3.02, 2.70, 5.11, 4.33, all p < 0.01); all kinds of childhood abuse were severer in the one-child family; and the high level of education of parents was the protective factor for child abuse. Parental punishment, excessive interference and refusing denial were positively associated with child abuse (r = 0.146 - 0.506, p < 0.05); and parental emotional warmth and understanding were negatively correlated with emotional abuse, physical abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect (r = −0.623 - −0.104, p < 0.05). Many factors cause maltreatment in childhood. Rearing patterns are important factors in-fluencing maltreatment in childhood.