社区照顾嵌入城市养老服务的实践困境与优化路径——基于日间照料中心的调研分析

Practical Challenges and Optimization Pathways of Community-Based Care Embedded in Urban Elderly Services—Research and Analysis Based on Day Care Centers

摘要: 在人口深度老龄化与家庭养老压力持续加大的双重背景下，社区照顾嵌入城市养老服务已成为完善养老服务体系的重要方向。日间照料中心作为社区嵌入式养老最基础的载体，在实践中普遍面临运营困境。本文基于嵌入理论，构建“空间–资源–主体–功能”四维分析框架，以Y市W日间照料中心为案例，运用半结构访谈与实地观察法，系统剖析社区照顾嵌入过程中的现实困境。研究发现，社区照顾面临空间配套缺陷与利用低效、资金渠道单一与资源碎片化、权责模糊与协同失效、功能定位偏移与供需错位四重困境，其深层成因在于制度规划与监管体系不完善、财政投入与资源配置结构性失衡、治理权责与人才保障缺位、服务理念与养老观念固化。针对上述困境，本文提出空间提质、资源整合、治理协同、服务精准的系统性优化路径，以期为推动社区照顾从形式嵌入走向深度嵌入提供理论参考和实践指引。

Abstract: Against the dual background of deep aging population and increasing pressure on family elderly care, embedding community care into urban elderly care services has become an important direction for improving the elderly care service system. As the most fundamental carrier of embedded elderly care in communities, day care centers generally face operational difficulties in practice. This article is based on embedding theory and constructs a four-dimensional analysis framework of “space resources subject function”. Taking W Day Care Center in Y City as a case study, semi-structured interviews and field observations are used to systematically analyze the practical difficulties in the process of embedding community care. Research has found that community care faces four major challenges: inadequate spatial support and inefficient utilization, single funding channels and fragmented resources, ambiguous rights and responsibilities and ineffective coordination, functional positioning deviation and supply-demand mismatch. The underlying causes are the imperfect institutional planning and regulatory system, structural imbalance between fiscal investment and resource allocation, lack of governance rights and talent protection, and solidification of service and elderly care concepts. In response to the above difficulties, this article proposes a systematic optimization path of spatial quality improvement, resource integration, governance collaboration, and precise service, in order to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for promoting community care from formal embedding to deep embedding.