牧区旅游发展中的人口流动与复合生计——以内蒙古自治区四子王旗脑木更苏木为例

Population Mobility and Composite Livelihoods in the Development of Pastoral Tourism—A Case Study of Naomugeng Sumu, Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

摘要: 牧区旅游发展不仅带来游客流动，也改变了地方人口进入与家庭生计安排。以内蒙古自治区四子王旗脑木更苏木为个案，本文基于实地访谈资料，考察牧区旅游发展如何创造经营与服务机会。研究发现，旅游发展通过景观开发、线路整合和服务需求扩展，使原本以牧业生产为主的地方空间逐渐具备接待、经营和服务功能；人口进入之后，当地家庭并未由牧业直接转向旅游业，而是在原有牧业基础上叠加旅游接待和配套服务，形成“旅游 + 牧业”的复合生计方式。牧区旅游发展的社会意义，不仅在于促进增收，更在于重新塑造地方人口进入条件和家庭生计组合方式。

Abstract: The development of pastoral tourism not only drives the flow of tourists, but also reshapes the access conditions for local populations and the livelihood arrangement of local households. Taking Naomugeng Sumu in Siziwang Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as a case study, this paper investigates how the development of pastoral tourism creates business and service opportunities based on field interview data. The research finds that through landscape development, route integration and the expansion of service demand, tourism development endows the local space, which was originally dominated by pastoral production, with functions of reception, operation and service gradually; after the entry of population, local households have not directly shifted from pastoral industry to tourism, but superimposed tourism reception and supporting services on the basis of original pastoral production, forming a composite livelihood mode of “tourism + pastoral industry”. The social significance of pastoral tourism development lies not only in promoting income growth, but also in reshaping the access conditions for local populations and the combination mode of household livelihoods.