本土实证研究下错失恐惧对大学生的心理行为影响综述

A Review of the Psychological and Behavioral Effects of Fear of Missing Out on Undergraduates Based on Local Empirical Research

摘要: 错失恐惧是数字时代大学生群体中日益突出的心理适应问题。本文围绕自我控制削弱这一核心作用机制，系统梳理了近十年国内相关实证研究，对错失恐惧的概念内涵、结构特征与测量工具进行了归纳。重点阐释其对大学生认知功能、情绪适应、学业发展、媒介使用及人际互动这五大核心领域的负面影响，提炼关键中介路径与调节因素，整合现有干预策略并对未来研究方向进行展望。综述发现，错失恐惧会通过削弱自我控制，广泛损害大学生的抑制控制、注意分配等基础认知能力，加剧抑郁、焦虑、孤独等负性情绪，引发学业倦怠、隐性逃课与学业拖延等问题，同时驱动手机成瘾、社交媒体依赖等问题性媒介使用，并降低人际信任与亲社会行为水平。特质正念、意志控制与学校归属感等因素对上述负面效应具有一定的缓冲作用。现有干预研究以认知行为训练、正念练习等方式为主，短期效果较为稳定，但仍缺乏本土化、标准化的长效方案。未来研究可加强纵向追踪和实验设计，深化核心机制的探索，推动更具针对性的整合式干预方案开发。

Abstract: Fear of missing out is an increasingly prominent psychological adaptation issue among undergraduates in the digital age. This paper, focusing on impaired self-control as the core mechanism, systematically reviews relevant empirical studies conducted in China over the past decade, summarizing the conceptual connotation, structural characteristics, and measurement tools of fear of missing out. It emphasizes the negative impacts on five key areas for undergraduates: cognitive function, emotional adaptation, academic development, media use, and interpersonal interaction, extracting key mediating pathways and moderating factors, integrating existing intervention strategies, and looking ahead to future research directions. The review finds that fear of missing out broadly undermines basic cognitive abilities such as inhibitory control and attention allocation by weakening self-control, exacerbates negative emotions like depression, anxiety, and loneliness, induces issues such as academic burnout, covert absenteeism, and procrastination, drives problematic media use including smartphone addiction and social media dependence, and reduces interpersonal trust and prosocial behavior levels. Factors such as trait mindfulness, willpower control, and school belonging have certain buffering effects against these negative impacts. Existing intervention studies mainly focus on cognitive-behavioral training and mindfulness exercises, showing relatively stable short-term effects, but still lack localized, standardized long-term solutions. Future research can strengthen longitudinal tracking and experimental designs, deepen the exploration of core mechanisms, and promote the development of more targeted, integrated intervention programs.