“投资于人”视角下困境长者价值履新的社区路径优化研究——基于“邻”机“益”动工作法的实践探索

Optimization of Community-Based Pathways for Value Renewal of Elderly in Difficult Circumstances from the Perspective of “Investing in People”—A Practical Exploration Based on the “Lin Ji Yi Dong” Working Method

摘要: 随着人口老龄化持续加深，困境长者的精神慰藉、哀伤疏导与价值重塑已成为老年社会工作的重要议题。本文针对困境长者因伴侣离世引发的抑郁情绪、社交退缩、角色缺失与价值真空等复合型危机，基于共性需求分析，运用本土社会工作模式——“邻”机“益”动工作法(拎–聆–领–令)开展专业介入，以信息整合、情感赋能、优势视角、专业引领与自治赋能为核心逻辑，通过精准诊断、深度聆听、平台搭建与协同赋能的完整闭环，构建“受助–互助–助他”三层价值阶梯及分层识别、阶梯赋能、机制保障三位一体的路径框架，有效帮助困境长者完成哀伤疗愈、修复社会支持网络、重构生命意义。研究表明，“邻”机“益”动工作法以口诀化、闭环式、本土化的创新特征，在危机干预、优势激活与社区融入中成效显著，为积极老龄化、老年友好型社区建设与社会工作高质量发展提供了可复制、可推广的实务样本。

Abstract: As population aging continues to deepen, the need for spiritual consolation, grief counseling, and value reconstruction among elderly individuals in difficult circumstances has become a critical concern in gerontological social work. This paper addresses the compound crises—including depressive emotions, social withdrawal, role loss, and value vacuum—experienced by such elderly following the loss of a spouse. Based on an analysis of shared needs, we apply an indigenous social work model—the “Lin Ji Yi Dong” working method (a mnemonic approach comprising four steps: diagnosis, deep listening, guidance, and empowerment)—to conduct professional interventions. The core logic integrates information consolidation, emotional empowerment, strengths perspective, professional guidance, and self-governance empowerment, forming a complete closed loop of accurate diagnosis, deep listening, platform building, and collaborative empowerment. This approach constructs a three-tier value ladder—from “being helped” to “mutual aid” to “helping others”—and a three-dimensional pathway framework that encompasses tiered identification, progressive empowerment, and institutional safeguards. The method effectively assists these elderly in achieving grief healing, repairing their social support networks, and reconstructing meaning in life. The study demonstrates that the “Lin Ji Yi Dong” working method, characterized by its mnemonic, closed-loop, and localized innovations, yields significant outcomes in crisis intervention, strengths activation, and community integration. It provides a replicable and scalable practice model for active aging, age-friendly community development, and the high-quality advancement of social work.