社交媒体时代大学生网络道德教育研究

Research on College Students’ Internet Moral Education in the Era of Social Media

摘要: 社交媒体已经深度融入大学生的学习、交往和日常表达。它降低了信息获取和公共参与的门槛，也使信息真假难辨、情绪化传播、网络暴力、隐私泄露等问题更容易进入大学生的生活。网络空间并不是脱离现实社会的“法外之地”，大学生在网络中的选择、表达和互动，同样体现其价值判断与责任意识。当前，高校网络道德教育仍存在内容更新不及时、课堂教学与平台生活衔接不够、家庭和平台参与不足等情况；部分学生也存在规则意识较弱、道德认知与实际行为脱节的问题。本文以班杜拉社会认知理论、建构主义学习理论为核心，在梳理相关研究的基础上，界定网络道德的基本含义，分析其自主性、自律性和多元性特点，并从价值观念冲击、网络环境复杂、学生自律不足、法律规范有待细化以及高校教育体系不够健全五个方面讨论现实困境。依托社会认知理论阐释大学生网络道德知行脱节的三元互动生成逻辑，在此基础上，文章提出激发大学生道德自觉、完善网络法治与平台治理、发挥高校主阵地作用、重视家庭网络道德文化等改进思路，结合建构主义学习理论设计情境化、模块化网络德育实施体系，从而形成个人、高校、家庭、平台和社会共同参与的教育格局。

Abstract: Social media has been deeply integrated into college students’ learning, communication and daily expression. While lowering the threshold for information access and public participation, it also makes misinformation, emotional communication, cyber violence, privacy leakage and other problems more prevalent in college students’ lives. Cyberspace is by no means a lawless place separated from the real society; college students’ choices, expressions and interactions online equally reflect their value judgment and sense of responsibility. At present, colleges and universities’ internet moral education still suffers from delayed content updates, insufficient connection between classroom teaching and online platforms, and inadequate participation of families and internet platforms. Meanwhile, some students lack a strong awareness of rules and fail to align their moral cognition with real behaviors. On the basis of sorting out relevant research, this paper defines the basic connotation of internet morality and analyzes its characteristics of autonomy, self-discipline and pluralism. It further discusses practical dilemmas from five dimensions: impact of values, complex online environment, insufficient self-regulation of students, underdeveloped detailed internet laws and regulations, and imperfect education systems in universities. Accordingly, this paper proposes optimization ideas including stimulating college students’ conscious moral awareness, improving internet rule of law and platform governance, giving full play to universities as the main education front, and attaching importance to family-based internet moral culture, so as to build a collaborative education pattern involving individuals, universities, families, online platforms and the whole society.