大概念统领下的高中化学项目式教学研究——以“沉淀溶解平衡”为例

Project-Based Teaching Research in High School Chemistry under the Guidance of Big Ideas —Taking “Precipitation-Dissolution Equilibrium” as an Example

摘要: 通过“城市水体硬化治理”这一真实情境，依据“化学平衡”大概念和项目式教学理念，设计从定性建立沉淀溶解平衡观、定量运用溶度积判断平衡移动方向，到调控沉淀溶解平衡解决实际问题的教学思路。围绕高中化学“碳酸钙沉淀溶解平衡”的核心活动，引导学生经历“现象观察–原理探究–模型建构–方案设计”的完整教学过程增强学生知识学习与实际问题解决能力，落实变化观念与平衡思想、科学态度与社会责任等化学学科核心素养。

Abstract: Based on the real-world context of urban water body hardening management, this study designs a teaching approach grounded in the overarching concept of “chemical equilibrium” and project-based learning. The approach progresses from qualitatively establishing an understanding of precipitation-dissolution equilibrium, to quantitatively applying solubility product to determine the direction of equilibrium shifts, and ultimately using this knowledge to regulate precipitation-dissolution equilibria for solving practical problems. Centered on the core high school chemistry topic of “calcium carbonate precipitation-dissolution equilibrium”, students are guided through a complete learning process involving “observation of phenomena-investigation of principles-model construction-solution design”. This enhances students’ ability to integrate knowledge with real-world problem-solving, effectively fostering key chemical competencies such as the concepts of change and equilibrium, scientific attitudes, and social responsibility.