跨文化语用视角下《雷雨》文化负载词翻译策略研究

A Study on Translation Strategies of Culture-Loaded Words in Thunderstorm from a Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Perspective

摘要: 文化负载词本质上是特定文化体系通过语言外显出来的符号化凝结，映射出各文化群体在认知模式与心理结构上的固有差异。这些词汇不仅承担指称功能，更附着了丰富的语用维度——譬如言外行为、礼貌调节、情感传达及面子协商等。译者倘若仅仅依赖词典释义进行字面对译，其隐含的交际意图极易丢失；更妥当的处置方式，是依据具体语境还原其语用效力。而这一点，恰恰构成了翻译操作中最难攻克的一关。文章以王佐良与巴恩斯合译的《雷雨》英译本为研究对象，从跨文化语用视角出发，聚焦于该译本中文化负载词的翻译处理，系统梳理其具体翻译策略，并尝试揭示各策略选择背后的依据。研究发现，译者在处理源语文本文化负载词时，能够准确辨别其中的话语行为、会话含意以及面子威胁程度，灵活运用异化、归化或意译等不同手段，对目的语中的交际效果进行重塑或修正，最终有效达成跨文化语境下的意义传递。

Abstract: Culture-loaded words are, in essence, symbolic condensations manifested through language within a specific cultural system, reflecting the inherent differences in cognitive models and psychological structures among various cultural groups. These words not only fulfill a referential function but also carry rich pragmatic dimensions—such as illocutionary acts, politeness modulation, emotional conveyance, and face negotiation. If translators rely solely on dictionary definitions for literal translation, the implicit communicative intentions are highly likely to be lost. A more appropriate approach is to restore their pragmatic effects according to the specific context. This very challenge constitutes the most difficult hurdle to overcome in translation practice. This paper takes the English translation of Thunderstorm co-translated by Wang Zuoliang and Barnes as its research object. From a cross-cultural pragmatic perspective, it focuses on the translation treatment of Culture-loaded words in this version, systematically categorizes the specific translation strategies employed, and attempts to reveal the rationales behind each strategic choice. The study finds that in dealing with Culture-loaded words in the source text, the translators were able to accurately identify speech acts, conversational implicatures, and the degree of face threat, flexibly employing various methods such as foreignization, domestication, or free translation to reshape or adjust communicative effects in the target language, ultimately achieving effective meaning transmission in cross-cultural contexts.