黑格尔《法哲学原理》对现代个体自由原则的处理

Hegel’s Treatment of the Modern Principle of Individual Freedom in Philosophy of Right

摘要: 现代个体自由既要求主体拥有免受外在强制的独立领域，也要求主体能够通过自我规定实现自身目的。黑格尔《法哲学原理》虽未以这一表述讨论自由，却对上述两项要求进行了系统处理。就前者而言，黑格尔通过人格权、财产权及法律司法制度，使个体自由获得了保障；就后者而言，黑格尔通过道德中的主体性与自我规定，进一步推动自由在家庭、市民社会和国家中完成自我规定，实现自身目的。然而，当共同体被理解为个体自由的现实条件时，如何防止公共权力以普遍性为由忽视个体，成为《法哲学原理》有待解决的内在张力。

Abstract: Modern individual freedom requires both an independent sphere protected from external coercion and the capacity of the subject to realize its own ends through self-determination. Although Hegel does not formulate freedom in these terms in Philosophy of Right, he systematically addresses both requirements. With regard to the former, Hegel safeguards individual freedom through personality rights, property rights, and the institutions of law and the administration of justice. With regard to the latter, through subjectivity and self-determination in morality, he further develops an account of how freedom realizes its own ends through self-determination in the family, civil society, and the state. However, once the community is understood as the condition for the actualization of individual freedom, the question of how to prevent public power from disregarding the individual in the name of universality becomes an unresolved internal tension in Philosophy of Right.