工作记忆的认知模型与神经机制：从分离模块到动态交互网络
Working Memory: Cognitive Models and Neural Mechanisms: From Segregated Modules to Dynamic Interactive Networks
摘要: 工作记忆作为人类高级认知功能的核心，其研究已从静态的模块化模型演进为动态的交互网络视角。本文系统综述了工作记忆的经典认知模型(如Baddeley的多成分模型、Cowan的嵌入式过程模型)及其对应的神经机制。神经科学研究证实了前额叶、顶叶等脑区在工作记忆执行与存储中的核心作用，并进一步揭示了神经振荡同步、大规模脑网络(如前额叶–顶叶网络与默认模式网络)动态平衡以及多巴胺能、谷氨酸能神经调质在其中扮演的关键角色。这些发现不仅支持了经典模型，也对其提出了修正与挑战；围绕工作记忆容量限制的两大竞争性理论，神经振荡与大规模脑网络视角提供了新的解释路径，推动该领域走向一个更强调动态交互的整合框架。本文进一步提出若干可检验的科学假说，为理解相关神经精神疾病的病理机制及开发新型干预策略提供重要启示。
Abstract: As a core component of human high-level cognitive function, working memory research has evolved from static modular models to dynamic interactive network perspectives. This article systematically reviews classic cognitive models of working memory (such as Baddeley’s multi-component model and Cowan’s embedded-process model) along with their corresponding neural mechanisms. Neuroscience research has confirmed the pivotal role of brain regions such as the prefrontal and parietal cortices in working memory execution and storage. Furthermore, it reveals the critical roles played by neural oscillatory synchronization, the dynamic balance of large-scale brain networks (such as the frontoparietal network and the default mode network), and neuromodulators including dopamine and glutamate. These findings not only corroborate classical models but also revise and challenge them. Regarding the two competing theories concerning the limits of workingmemory capacity, perspectives from neural oscillations and large-scale brain networks offer novel interpretive pathways, driving the field toward an integrative framework that emphasizes dynamic interactions. This paper further puts forward several testable scientific hypotheses, which provide important implications for understanding the pathological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders and developing novel intervention strategies.
文章引用：郝家萍 (2026). 工作记忆的认知模型与神经机制：从分离模块到动态交互网络. 心理学进展, 16(10), 101-108. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.1610473

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