基于文旅视角的蒙古族毛毡毡绣的活态传承研究

A Study on the Living Inheritance of Mongolian Felt Embroidery from a Cultural and Tourism Perspective

摘要: 蒙古族毛毡毡绣作为传统手工艺，凝结着草原牧区的材料知识、女性劳动经验、地方审美与文化记忆。文章立足民族学和旅游学的交叉视角，以蒙古族毛毡毡绣为研究对象，讨论其在文旅融合中的活态传承、文化资本转化与旅游消费意义。研究认为，毡绣既是手工技艺，也是一种可在当代场域中转化为文化资本的存在。文旅融合为毡绣提供了培训、展示、体验、销售和传播的新场域，使其从牧区生活用品、家庭手工和地方技艺延展为旅游纪念品、文化礼物、审美体验和地方文化媒介。与此同时，毡绣的旅游化也面临多重问题。为实现可持续活化，应以传承人为核心，以社区参与为基础，以材料和技艺本真为边界，以文化资本转化、体验设计、产品分层、数字传播和区域文旅品牌为支撑，推动毡绣在当代生活和旅游场域中继续被学习、使用、讲述和共享。

Abstract: Mongolian felt embroidery, as a traditional handicraft, embodies the material knowledge, women’s labor experience, local aesthetics, and cultural memory of the grassland pastoral regions. Drawing on an interdisciplinary perspective combining ethnology and tourism studies, this paper takes Mongolian felt embroidery as its subject of inquiry to explore its dynamic inheritance, the transformation of cultural capital, and its significance in tourism consumption within the context of cultural and tourism integration. The study holds that felt embroidery is both a handicraft skill and a form of cultural capital that can be transformed within the contemporary field. The integration of culture and tourism has created new spheres for the promotion of felt embroidery—through training programs, exhibition opportunities, experiential activities, sales channels, and dissemination efforts—enabling it to evolve from a mere household item used in pastoral regions, a family craft, and a local skill into tourism souvenirs, cultural gifts, aesthetic experiences, and a vehicle for local cultural expression. However, the tourism-oriented development of felt embroidery also faces multiple challenges. To achieve sustainable revitalization, efforts should center on the heritage bearers as the core, be grounded in community participation, be constrained by the authenticity of materials and techniques, and be supported by the transformation of cultural capital, experiential design, product tiering, digital dissemination, and the development of regional cultural and tourism brands, thereby fostering the continued learning, use, storytelling, and sharing of felt embroidery within contemporary life and tourism contexts.