半夏厚朴汤治疗咳嗽研究进展

Research Progress on Banxia Houpu Decoction in the Treatment of Cough

摘要: 咳嗽是临床常见病、多发病，其患病率逐年攀升，已成为全球公共卫生领域的重要挑战。中医认为咳嗽病位主责于肺，“肺主气，司呼吸”，临床多从“痰”“气”论治。半夏厚朴汤源自《金匮要略》，原方主治“梅核气”，由半夏、厚朴、茯苓、生姜、紫苏叶组成，以“痰气交阻”为核心病机，具有行气散结、降逆化痰之效，契合肺脏病理特征。现代研究表明，半夏厚朴汤单用或联合西药治疗慢性咽炎、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、上气道咳嗽综合征(UACS)等呼吸系统疾病疗效显著，可改善症状、降低复发率。本文系统综述近年文献，从方证源流、临床应用及作用机制三方面探析其治疗咳嗽的科学内涵，以期为机制研究及临床推广提供理论依据。

Abstract: Cough is a prevalent clinical condition with a steadily rising incidence, posing a significant challenge to global public health. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the pathogenesis of cough primarily involves the lung, which “governs qi and respiration”. Accordingly, clinical management typically targets the interplay of “phlegm” and “qi”. Banxia Houpu Decoction, originally documented in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber (Jin Gui Yao Lue) for “plum-pit qi” (Mei He Qi), consists of Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Houpu), Poria (Fuling), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang), and Perillae Folium (Zisu Ye). Targeting the core pathogenesis of “phlegm-qi stagnation,” this formula promotes qi circulation to dissipate nodules, directs rebellious qi downward, and resolves phlegm, aligning perfectly with the pulmonary pathological profile. Modern studies demonstrate that Banxia Houpu Decoction, either as a monotherapy or combined with Western medicine, yields significant efficacy against respiratory disorders such as chronic pharyngitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), notably improving symptoms and reducing recurrence rates. This paper systematically reviews recent literature to elucidate the scientific basis of this formula in treating cough from three perspectives: its historical origins and syndrome indications, clinical applications, and mechanisms, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for mechanistic research and clinical promotion.