基于父母–孩子配对数据的家庭亲密度与身体欣赏关系的主客体互倚模型分析

Family Cohesion and Body Appreciation in Parent-Child Dyads: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Study

摘要: 目的：探讨家庭亲密度对父母与孩子身体欣赏的主客体效应，并检验孩子性别的调节作用。方法：采用问卷法调查638对父母–孩子配对，其中父亲–孩子249对、母亲–孩子389对。父母和孩子分别填写家庭亲密度、身体欣赏及人口学信息问卷。采用配对t检验、相关分析和主客体互倚模型(APIM)考察家庭亲密度与身体欣赏的关系，并通过多群组分析检验孩子性别的调节作用。结果：父母家庭亲密度和身体欣赏总体上高于孩子，女儿组与父母在上述变量上的差异大于儿子组；家庭亲密度和身体欣赏在亲子间均呈显著正相关，个体内部家庭亲密度与其自身身体欣赏显著相关，跨个体相关呈现一定的性别和亲子角色特异性；家庭亲密度对父母和孩子自身身体欣赏均具有显著主体效应(β = 0.296~0.496, ps < 0.01)；客体效应仅在父亲–女儿组显著，即父亲家庭亲密度显著正向预测女儿身体欣赏(β = 0.239, p = 0.004)；孩子性别对父亲–孩子和母亲–孩子配对中的主体效应均无显著调节作用，探索性分析也未发现孩子性别对客体效应的显著调节作用。结论：家庭亲密度是父母与孩子身体欣赏的重要关联因素，提升家庭成员间的情感联结和支持性互动有助于促进积极身体意象；同时，父亲–女儿关系在女儿身体欣赏发展中可能具有特殊意义，未来干预可进一步关注父亲参与及亲子互动质量。

Abstract: Objective: To examine the actor and partner effects of family closeness on body appreciation among parents and children, and to test the moderating role of child gender. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 638 parent-child dyads, including 249 father-child dyads and 389 mother-child dyads. Parents and children completed measures of family closeness, body appreciation, and demographic information. Paired-sample t tests, correlation analyses, and the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) were used to examine the associations between family closeness and body appreciation. Multi-group analyses were further conducted to test the moderating effect of child gender. Results: Parents generally reported higher levels of family closeness and body appreciation than children, and the parent-child differences were larger in daughter dyads than in son dyads. Family closeness and body appreciation were positively correlated within parent-child dyads. Within individuals, family closeness was significantly associated with one’s own body appreciation, whereas cross-partner associations showed certain gender- and role-specific patterns. APIM results indicated significant actor effects of family closeness on body appreciation for both parents and children (β = 0.296~0.496, ps < 0.01). The partner effect was significant only in father-daughter dyads, such that fathers’ family closeness positively predicted daughters’ body appreciation (β = 0.239, p = 0.004). Multi-group analyses showed that child gender did not significantly moderate the actor effects in either father-child or mother-child dyads. Exploratory analyses also found no significant moderating effect of child gender on partner effects. Conclusion: Family closeness is an important correlate of body appreciation among parents and children. Enhancing emotional bonds and supportive interactions within the family may contribute to the development of positive body image. The father-daughter relationship may have particular significance for daughters’ body appreciation, suggesting that future interventions should further attend to father involvement and the quality of parent-child interactions.