青少年自杀风险因素与危机干预研究综述

A Review of Research on Risk Factors for Adolescent Suicide and Crisis Intervention

摘要: 青少年正处在身心快速成长、人格开始形成、社会关系不断扩展的时期，在面对家庭矛盾、学业压力、同伴疏离、校园暴力、网络攻击或者慢性病等压力源的时候，会更容易产生无助感、绝望感以及自杀意念。青少年自杀的风险不是由某一个原因造成的，而是各种个体心理特征、家庭功能、学校环境、网络行为和各种社会支持因素互相影响的结果。本文从青少年自杀问题现状、风险因素、作用机制、危机干预路径入手，认为未来应该形成以早期识别为中心、以家庭和学校为主要阵地、以专业心理服务为基础的综合性干预模式。

Abstract: Adolescents are in a critical period of rapid physical and psychological development, initial personality formation, and continuous expansion of social relationships. They are more susceptible to feelings of helplessness, hopelessness and suicidal ideation when exposed to stressors such as family conflicts, academic pressure, peer alienation, school violence, cyberattacks and chronic diseases. The risk of adolescent suicide is not caused by a single factor, but results from the interactions among various individual psychological characteristics, family functioning, school environment, online behaviors and social support factors. Starting from the current status, risk factors, functional mechanisms and crisis intervention pathways of adolescent suicide, this paper argues that a comprehensive intervention model centered on early identification, based in families and schools as the main venues, and supported by professional psychological services should be established in the future.