教学关键要素改革背景下中职教师能力清单优化的现实困境与路径

The Realistic Dilemma and Path of the Optimization of Secondary Vocational Teachers’ Ability List under the Background of the Reform of Key Teaching Elements

摘要: 在职业教育教学关键要素改革背景下，细化教师能力清单成为破除“双师型”教师粗放式认定、贯通产教融合的核心抓手。研究发现，当前清单落地存在能力清单结构性失衡、战略维度指标缺位、培训精准性供需脱节、校企协同壁垒四大现实困境，根源集中于制度、操作、认知与组织层面。据此，本研究提出构建分层分类清单架构、提升教师实践能力与组织层面的水平、打造清单导向精准培训、完善校企协同与动态更新机制等优化路径，并探讨未来存在的现实挑战与应对策略，以期能够推动中职教师标准化建设与职业教育教学关键要素改革。

Abstract: Under the background of the reform of key elements of vocational education and teaching, refining the list of teachers’ abilities has become the core starting point to break the extensive identification of “double-qualified” teachers and integrate production and education. The study found that there are four major practical difficulties in the implementation of the current list, namely, the structural imbalance of the ability list, the absence of strategic dimension indicators, the disconnection between supply and demand of training accuracy, and the barriers to school-enterprise collaboration. The root causes are concentrated at the institutional, operational, cognitive and organizational levels. Based on this, this study proposes to construct a hierarchical classification list structure, improve the level of teachers’ practical ability and organizational level, create a list-oriented precise training, improve the school-enterprise coordination and dynamic update mechanism, and explore the practical challenges and coping strategies in the future, in order to promote the standardization construction of secondary vocational teachers and the reform of key elements of vocational education and teaching.