论夫妻财产的界定与分割规则完善

On the Definition and Division Rules of Marital Property

摘要: 随着我国社会经济结构的深刻转型，家庭财富形态日益多元化，夫妻财产关系已成为婚姻家庭领域的核心并且极具争议的法律议题。《中华人民共和国民法典》婚姻家庭编构建了“约定优先、法定为辅”的夫妻财产制度体系，但在司法实践中，夫妻财产界定的模糊地带、分割规则的适用困境愈发凸显。本文以夫妻财产界定与分割的核心法理为基础，结合最新司法案例，系统剖析现行规则在新型财产认定、家务劳动价值量化、自由裁量权规制等方面存在的问题，借鉴域外立法经验，提出明确财产界定标准、完善分割原则体系、建立多元救济机制等完善路径，以期实现夫妻财产关系的实质公平，维护婚姻家庭稳定与社会和谐。

Abstract: With the profound transformation of China’s socio-economic structure, household wealth has become increasingly diversified, making marital property relations a central and highly controversial legal issue in marriage and family law. The Marriage and Family Section of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China establishes a marital property system based on “agreements taking precedence over statutory rules.” However, in judicial practice, ambiguities in defining spousal property and difficulties in applying property division rules have become increasingly evident. Based on core legal principles regarding the definition and division of marital property, this article systematically analyzes existing problems in current regulations—such as the recognition of new forms of property, quantification of domestic labor value, and the exercise of judicial discretion—by drawing on recent judicial cases. Drawing lessons from foreign legislative experiences, it proposes improvement pathways including clarifying standards for property definition, refining the framework of division principles, and establishing diverse remedies to achieve substantive fairness in marital property relations and thereby safeguard marital stability, family harmony, and social cohesion.