高校大学生心理健康风险因素识别与分级干预研究

Research on Mental Health Risk Factor Identification and Graded Intervention for College Students

摘要: 为了调查大学生心理健康状况，探索大学生心理健康风险因素的识别与分级干预路径，本研究使用抑郁症状群量表(PHQ-9)和广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)，整合新乡医学院与贵州高校两套公开数据集约9.6万人次的心理测评记录，并对70名重庆理工大学在校生开展网络问卷调查、对其中8名学生开展线下访谈，采用Python 3.13完成统计分析。结果显示：目前在校大学生中存在不同程度的焦虑与抑郁等心理健康问题；公开数据集的抑郁检出率为5.42%~12.42%，焦虑检出率为2.25%，自收问卷样本的抑郁检出率为22.86%，焦虑检出率为11.43%，其中公开数据集中自杀意念检出率为12.47%；对生活不满意学生的抑郁阳性率是满意学生的8.1倍，多因素回归显示生活满意度与抑郁症状阳性之间存在正向关联(调整后OR ≈ 27；受样本量限制，该估计仅作参考，需更大样本验证)；睡眠质量差的学生抑郁阳性率明显偏高。访谈显示，病耻感与隐私顾虑是阻碍大学生寻求专业心理帮助的主要障碍。据此，本文建议高校及有关部门针对低风险学生开展常态化预防保健、针对中风险学生实施筛查转介、针对高风险学生提供专业化干预，通过分级干预与及时疏导促进大学生心理健康。

Abstract: To investigate the mental health status of college students and to explore the identification of mental health risk factors and intervention pathways, this study employed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), integrated psychological assessment records of approximately 96,000 students from two public datasets of Xinxiang Medical University and Guizhou universities, administered an online questionnaire to 70 undergraduates at Chongqing University of Technology, and conducted offline interviews with 8 students. Statistical analyses were performed with Python 3.13. The conclusions are as follows. College students suffered from varying degrees of anxiety and depression. The detection rate of depressive symptoms ranged from 5.42% to 12.42% in the public datasets, the detection rate of anxiety was 2.25%, and the self-collected sample showed a depression detection rate of 22.86% and an anxiety detection rate of 11.43%. Suicidal ideation was reported by 12.47% of students in one public dataset. The positive depression rate of students dissatisfied with life was 8.1 times that of satisfied students, and multivariable analysis revealed a positive association between life satisfaction and depressive symptoms (adjusted OR ≈ 27; this estimate should be interpreted cautiously and requires validation in larger samples); students with poor sleep quality also showed a markedly higher positive rate. Interviews revealed that stigma and privacy concerns were the main barriers preventing students from seeking professional psychological help. Universities and relevant departments should carry out graded psychological intervention and health education for college students, providing routine prevention for low-risk students, screening and referral for moderate-risk students, and professional intervention for high-risk students, thereby promoting college students' mental health through graded intervention and timely counseling.