基层居民中医养生认知与干预需求的调查研究

A Survey Study on Community Residents’ Perceptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Preservation and Their Needs for Intervention

摘要: 目的：中医养生在基层居民中日益普遍，但风险认知与规范意识仍显不足，相关干预需求尚未得到充分识别。本研究旨在了解基层居民中医养生认知、行为、风险经历及干预需求，并分析相关影响因素。方法：于2026年7~8月采用分层便利抽样法，对山东省济宁市200名基层居民进行问卷调查，内容涵盖养生行为与信息来源、养生认知、风险经历与应对以及健康需求与干预偏好等维度，并运用描述性统计和Pearson χ²检验分析数据。结果：经常主动养生者占20.5%，偶尔养生者占47.0%；知识获取以短视频/微信群(58.0%)、电视(48.0%)和亲友(43.5%)为主，医生渠道为42.5%。25.5%的居民相信“中药天然，长期吃不会伤身”，26.5%认同“养生效果越强越应多吃多做”；40.0%曾因他人推荐自行使用偏方、中药、药酒或艾灸，33.0%报告至少出现过身体不适或经济损失。年龄、性别、文化程度与中药安全性认知相关(P < 0.05)；年龄、文化程度与养生适度性认知相关(P < 0.05)；体质类型与艾灸、拔罐、泡脚适用性认知相关(P = 0.018)。结论：基层居民中医养生认知呈“部分知晓但不明确”的特征，养生行为存在专业性与安全性不足的问题。建议从政府、社区医疗机构、媒体平台和家庭个人层面协同干预，强化辨证施养、适度原则及安全用药教育，构建精准化的中医养生健康教育体系。

Abstract: Objective: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) health preservation has become increasingly common among community residents, yet risk awareness and standardization awareness remain inadequate, and related intervention needs have not been fully identified. This study aimed to investigate community residents’ cognition, behaviors, risk experiences, and intervention needs regarding TCM health preservation, and to analyze associated factors. Methods: From July to August 2026, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 200 community residents in Jining City, Shandong Province, using stratified convenience sampling. The survey covered health preservation behaviors and information sources, health preservation cognition, risk experiences and coping, and health needs and intervention preferences. Descriptive statistics and Pearson χ² tests were used for data analysis. Results: Only 20.5% of residents regularly and actively practiced TCM health preservation, while 47.0% did so occasionally. The main sources of knowledge were short video platforms/WeChat groups (58.0%), television (48.0%), and relatives or friends (43.5%), whereas physicians accounted for 42.5%. Among respondents, 25.5% believed that “Chinese herbal medicines are natural and safe for long-term use”, and 26.5% agreed that “stronger health preservation effects require more frequent or larger amounts of practice.” Additionally, 40.0% had used folk remedies, Chinese herbal medicines, medicated liquors, or moxibustion based on others’ recommendations, and 33.0% reported experiencing at least one episode of physical discomfort or economic loss. Age, sex, and education level were associated with cognition regarding the safety of Chinese herbal medicines (P < 0.05); age and education level were associated with cognition regarding the appropriateness of health preservation practices (P < 0.05); and constitutional type was associated with cognition regarding the applicability of moxibustion, cupping, and foot bathing (P = 0.018). Conclusion: Community residents demonstrate a pattern of “partial awareness without clear understanding” in TCM health preservation cognition, and their health preservation behaviors are characterized by insufficient professionalism and safety awareness. Coordinated interventions are recommended at the levels of government, community health institutions, media platforms, and families and individuals, with emphasis on education regarding syndrome differentiation-based health preservation, the principle of moderation, and safe medication use, so as to establish a targeted TCM health preservation education system.