数字融入视角下农村老年群体心理健康困境与养老服务优化路径

Mental Health Dilemmas of Rural Older Adults and Optimization Paths of Elderly Care Services from the Perspective of Digital Inclusion

摘要: 在人口深度老龄化与数字乡村建设双向推进的背景下，数字融入成为影响农村老年群体生活质量与心理健康的关键变量。当前农村老年人普遍面临数字适应困难、社会参与萎缩、情感支持不足等多重问题，抑郁、孤独等心理障碍高发。本文以社会活动理论、社会隔离理论、代际赡养理论为支撑，剖析农村老年群体数字融入过程中的心理健康现实困境及成因，揭示不同群体数字赋能效果的分化机制。研究发现，数字技术主要通过拓宽社会参与渠道改善老年人心理状态，代际经济支持难以形成有效传导；数字红利在性别、婚姻状态维度呈现明显不均，女性老年人、独居无配偶老人成为双重弱势群体。基于此，本文从数字普惠体系、社区社会参与、差异化精准服务、多层次养老保障四个维度构建系统性优化路径，以期破解农村老年人数字融入难题，完善现代化农村养老服务体系，守护农村老年群体心理健康。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of in-depth population aging and digital rural construction, digital inclusion serves as a pivotal variable affecting the quality of life and mental health of rural older adults. Currently, rural elderly groups commonly face difficulties in digital adaptation, reduced social engagement and inadequate emotional support, resulting in a high prevalence of depression, loneliness and other psychological problems. Drawing on Social Activity Theory, Social Isolation Theory and Intergenerational Support Theory, this paper analyzes the mental health dilemmas and causes of rural older adults in digital inclusion, and clarifies the differential mechanisms of digital empowerment among diverse groups. The results show that digital technology improves elderly individuals’ mental health mainly by expanding social participation channels, while intergenerational economic support has limited positive effects. Noticeable disparities in digital dividends exist across gender and marital status, leaving elderly women and solitary older adults as doubly disadvantaged groups. Accordingly, this paper constructs a systematic optimization path covering inclusive digital services, community social participation, differentiated targeted services and multi-level elderly care security. It seeks to address rural older adults’ digital inclusion barriers, optimize the modern rural elderly care system, and protect the mental health of the rural elderly population.