社会网络理论下城市困境儿童社会支持网络建构路径研究

A Study on the Construction Path of Social Support Networks for Urban Vulnerable Children from the Perspective of Social Network Theory

摘要: 本文基于社会网络理论探寻适配城市困境儿童的社会支持网络建构路径，研究以社会网络理论为分析工具，界定城市困境儿童与社会支持网络核心概念，从网络结构、关系联结层面梳理现实困境，并结合社会工作专业方法设计介入方案。研究发现城市困境儿童非正式支持网络结构单一、家庭强关系支持功能弱化，各帮扶主体间存在结构洞导致联动碎片化，而社会工作者可发挥桥梁作用，通过个案、小组、社区工作修复家庭、同辈、邻里强关系，联动学校、民政、公益组织拓展多元弱关系资源，同时依靠多元组织联动，可构建起长效化、专业化的儿童保护支持体系。

Abstract: This paper explores the construction paths of social support networks adapted to urban vulnerable children based on social network theory. Taking social network theory as an analytical tool, it defines the core concepts of urban vulnerable children and social support networks, sorts out practical dilemmas from the dimensions of network structure and relational ties, and designs intervention schemes adopting professional social work methods. The study finds that the informal support networks of urban vulnerable children feature a simplex structure with weakened supportive functions of strong family ties. Structural holes exist among various assistance-providing subjects, resulting in fragmented collaboration. Social workers can act as bridges: they may repair strong ties within families, peer groups and neighborhoods through casework, group work and community work, and expand diverse weak-tie resources by coordinating schools, civil-affairs authorities and public-welfare organizations. Furthermore, multi-organizational collaboration helps build a long-term and professional child-protection support system.