“专业社工 + 志愿服务”多维赋能城市社区独居老人支持网络构建的实践研究——以H市X社区“益呼应”项目为例

Practical Research on “Professional Social Workers + Volunteer Services” Multi-Dimensional Empowerment in Building a Support Network for Elderly People Living Alone in Urban Communities —A Case Study of the “Yi Huying” Project in Community X, H City

摘要: 在人口老龄化与基层治理现代化双重背景下，独居老人社会支持匮乏问题日益凸显。本研究以H市X社区“益呼应”项目为案例，基于社会支持网络理论，借鉴House四分法并由类型学分析转用为关系嵌入性维度，考察“专业社工 + 志愿服务”融合模式如何为城市独居老人构建支持网络。研究发现，社会工作者与志愿者及社区社会组织在情感性、工具性、信息性、评价性四类支持中形成“社工专业统筹–志愿者在地服务–社区资源整合”的三维协同机制，有效弥合了正式支持与非正式支持的断裂。项目通过智能手环与人工服务的衔接，实现对独居老人风险的主动预警与需求的精准响应，显著提升了服务对象的获得感与社区归属感，为新时代社区养老治理提供了可复制的实践路径。

Abstract: Amid population aging and grassroots governance modernization, inadequate social support for older adults living alone has become increasingly salient. Grounded in social support network theory, this case study of the “Yi Huying” Project in Community X, H City recasts House’s fourfold typology into a relational-embeddedness dimension and examines how the integrated “Professional Social Workers + Volunteer Service” model builds support networks for urban older adults living alone. Findings reveal a three-dimensional synergy mechanism—social workers’ professional coordination, volunteers’ place-based service, and community social organizations’ resource integration—across emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal support, bridging the formal-informal divide. By linking smart wristbands with human-delivered services, the project delivers proactive risk warning and precise responses to needs, significantly enhancing recipients’ sense of gain and community belonging and offering a replicable practical pathway for community eldercare governance in the new era.