中医药治疗高血压的研究进展

Research Progress on the Treatment of Hypertension with Traditional Chinese Medicine

摘要: 在全球范围内，高血压属于患病率最高的慢性非传染性疾病之一，同时也是心脑血管事件发生的一个核心危险因素。现代医学的规范化降压治疗虽然能够有效控制血压水平，但部分患者仍有部分症状未得到缓解、长期用药依从性不高、对心脑肾等重要器官的保护效果较为有限等问题。中医学把高血压归入“眩晕”、“头痛”等范畴，其治疗以整体观念和辨证论治为核心，在协同降压、改善临床症状、延缓靶器官损伤以及提高患者生活质量等方面具有独特优势。2024年修订版《中国高血压防治指南》首次增设了中医药降压应用章节，这表明中医药在高血压防治领域的价值已经得到现代循证医学的证实。本文结合近年来的最新研究进展，从中医病因病机认识、临床治疗方案、现存问题以及未来研究方向几个方面，对中医药治疗高血压的研究现状进行了梳理，以期为临床实践和后续研究提供参考。

Abstract: Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide, and it is also a core risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Although standardized antihypertensive treatment in modern medicine can effectively control blood pressure levels, some patients still have some symptoms that have not been relieved, low long-term medication compliance, and limited protective effects on important organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. Traditional Chinese Medicine categorizes hypertension as “dizziness” and “headache”, and its treatment is based on a holistic approach and syndrome differentiation. It has unique advantages in synergistically lowering blood pressure, improving clinical symptoms, delaying target organ damage, and enhancing patients’ quality of life. The revised version of the “Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension” in 2024 added a chapter on the application of traditional Chinese medicine in lowering blood pressure for the first time, indicating that the value of traditional Chinese medicine in the field of hypertension prevention and treatment has been confirmed by modern evidence-based medicine. This article combines the latest research progress in recent years, and summarizes the current research status of traditional Chinese medicine in treating hypertension from several aspects such as understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine, clinical treatment plans, existing problems, and future research directions, in order to provide reference for clinical practice and subsequent research.