长台关楚简学派性质问题研究综述

A Review of the Studies on the School Affiliation of the Changtaiguan Chu Bamboo Texts

摘要: 长台关楚简是1957年在河南信阳长台关一号楚国墓葬中出土的一批战国竹简，在郭店楚简和上博楚简被发现之前，曾长期被视为唯一存世的战国竹书，具有极高的学术价值。该墓出土竹简共两组，第一组为竹书，第二组为遣册，学界对此分类并无异议。然而，关于第一组竹书的学派性质，自出土以来便聚讼纷纭，迄今未成定论。主要观点可归纳为三种：儒家说、《墨子》佚篇说和单篇流行说。文章系统梳理上述三种学说的形成背景、论证路径和核心论据，并在此基础上评析得失，进而探讨长台关楚简学派性质研究的困境与前景。研究显示，该问题的复杂性不仅源于简文残缺的客观限制，更与战国秦汉时期古书流传方式、文献互见现象以及后世学术范式的影响密切相关。

Abstract: The Changtaiguan Chu bamboo texts, unearthed in 1957 from Chu-state Tomb No. 1 at Changtaiguan in Xinyang, Henan, were long regarded as the only extant Warring States bamboo manuscripts prior to the discoveries of the Guodian and Shanghai Museum Chu slips, thus holding extremely high scholarly value. Two groups of slips were found in this tomb: the first contains a bamboo manuscript, and the second comprises a tomb inventory, a classification that has not been disputed by scholars. However, the school affiliation of the first group has been vigorously debated since its discovery, and remains unresolved to date, with three main positions emerging: the Confucian school, the lost chapter of the Mozi, and the independent single-chapter circulation theory. This paper systematically reviews the background to the formation, argumentative strategies, and core evidence of these three views, and on this basis evaluates their respective strengths and weaknesses. It further explores the difficulties and prospects of determining the school affiliation of the Changtaiguan texts, and the study shows that the complexity arises not only from the objective limitations imposed by the fragmentary state of the text on the bamboo slips, but is also closely related to the modes of textual transmission in the Warring States and Qin-Han periods, the phenomenon of overlapping passages among different works, and the influence of later scholarly paradigms.