论福克斯对卢卡奇物化批判理论的继承与发展

On Fox’s Inheritance and Development of Lukacs’ Objectification Criticism Theory

摘要: 物化批判是马克思主义对社会支配形式展开批判的核心命题。卢卡奇从劳动概念出发建构物化理论，将物化批判由商品交换领域推进至生产领域。福克斯接续了这一批判路径，将“脑力劳动”改造为“文化工作”，在数字资本主义语境中识别出技术物化与量化物化两种新型支配范式，并试图通过“数字工会”与“数字公地”的方案实现对数字物化的扬弃。但福克斯的方案绕过了卢卡奇晚年始终未能解决的一个难题，即阶级意识如何从物化意识中生成。缺失对这一环节的说明，任何克服物化的方案都缺少承载它的主体。物化批判需要从外在批判转向内在批判，即在数字资本自身的运作逻辑中识别其无法被完全吸收的裂缝与剩余。算法黑箱与可解释性的张力、用户自主性与其被捕获的矛盾、不可数据化的残余，三者构成了数字资本运作过程中无法根除的否定性要素。

Abstract: Objectification criticism is the core proposition of Marxism’s critique of social domination forms. Lukacs constructed the theory of objectification from the concept of labor, advancing the critique of objectification from the field of commodity exchange to the field of production. Fox continued this critical path by transforming “mental labor” into “cultural work”, identifying two new dominant paradigms of technological objectification and quantitative objectification in the context of digital capitalism, and attempting to achieve the abandonment of digital objectification through the schemes of “digital unions” and “digital commons”. But Fox’s plan bypassed a difficult problem that Lukacs had never been able to solve in his later years, which was how class consciousness was generated from objectified consciousness. Without explanation of this aspect, any solution to overcome objectification lacks the main body that carries it. Objectification criticism needs to shift from external criticism to internal criticism, that is, to identify the cracks and residues in the operational logic of digital capital that cannot be fully absorbed. The tension between the algorithmic black box and interpretability, the contradiction between user autonomy and its capture, and the residue that cannot be digitized constitute the negative elements that cannot be eradicated in the process of digital capital operation.