离婚协议财产处分行为有偿性认定——以债权人撤销权诉讼为中心

Determining Whether Property Dispositions in Divorce Agreements Are for Consideration—A Focus on Litigation Concerning the Creditor’s Right of Revocation

摘要: 离婚协议财产分割条款影响夫妻一方债权人的债权实现时，可以参照适用债权人撤销权规则。有偿性认定决定无偿处分与明显不合理有偿处分规则的选择，应结合财产净值、债务归属、实际履行、子女抚养和离婚救济等因素判断。不存在真实对价的，应按无偿处分处理；存在部分对价但明显不足的，应按明显不合理的有偿处分审查，并在撤销范围中保留已实际履行的合理对价，撤销范围应以债权保全所必要者为限。

Abstract: When the property division clauses of a divorce agreement impair the realization of a creditor’s claim against either spouse, the rules governing the creditor’s right of revocation may be applied by reference. Determining whether a disposition is for consideration is crucial to choosing between the rules governing gratuitous dispositions and those governing dispositions for manifestly unreasonable consideration. Such determination should take into account factors including the net value of the property, allocation of debts, actual performance, child support obligations, and financial relief upon divorce. Where no genuine consideration exists, the disposition should be treated as gratuitous. Where consideration exists but is manifestly insufficient, the disposition should be reviewed under the rules governing dispositions for manifestly unreasonable consideration, while reasonable consideration that has actually been performed should be preserved when determining the scope of revocation. The scope of revocation should be limited to what is necessary to preserve the creditor’s claim.