轻罪背景下附条件不起诉制度的扩张与构建

The Expansion and Construction of Conditional Non-Prosecution System in the Context of Misdemeanors

摘要: 近年来，我国刑事犯罪结构发生显著变化，轻罪案件比例大幅上升，我国已进入“轻罪时代”。为应对这一变化，构建中国特色轻罪诉讼制度体系、完善社会治理体系，以提升法治化水平变得尤为重要。在此背景下，不起诉制度面临审前分流作用不足、后续治理效果不佳及合法性限制等挑战。参考未成年人附条件不起诉制度的已有经验，将附条件不起诉制度适用主体、适用范围，明确适用条件、规定附条件义务及程序制约，以完善现行不起诉制度。

Abstract: In recent years, the structure of criminal offenses in China has undergone significant changes, with the proportion of minor crimes rising sharply, marking China’s entry into an era of “petty crime”. To address this shift, it has become particularly important to construct a litigation system for petty crimes with Chinese characteristics and improve the social governance system to enhance the level of rule of law. Against this backdrop, the non-prosecution system faces challenges including insufficient pre-trial diversion, inadequate subsequent governance effects, and legal limitations. Drawing on existing experience from the conditional non-prosecution system for minors, the system should be improved by expanding the applicable subjects and scope of conditional non-prosecution, clarifying applicable conditions, stipulating conditional obligations, and establishing procedural constraints.