企业合规视角下人工智能伦理风险的经济法规制

Economic Law Regulation of AI Ethical Risks from the Perspective of Corporate Compliance

摘要: 在AI技术商业化进程中，算法歧视、数据滥用、合同责任困境等伦理风险频繁出现，严重破坏市场秩序与社会公平。现行经济法规制存在主体规制滞后、行为规范缺失、责任体系失衡等问题，企业合规需求与法律供给矛盾显著，跨国企业面临合规标准冲突，合规成本影响产业竞争力，伦理原则法律化存在技术难题。从经济法属性看，算法共谋挑战反垄断法，平台与用户议价能力失衡，事后救济与事前预防需权衡。为此，本文提出在企业合规框架下重构规制路径，包括主体合规义务分层设计、创新经济法责任制度、构建协同治理机制。制度实施的经济效应评估表明，需确定合理规制强度，以推动AI产业合规健康持续发展。

Abstract: In the commercialization of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, ethical risks such as algorithmic discrimination, data abuse, and dilemmas in contractual liability have emerged frequently, seriously undermining market order and social equity. The regulation under existing economic laws suffers from lagging subject regulation, inadequate behavioral norms, and an imbalanced liability system. There exists a marked contradiction between corporate compliance demands and legal supply. Multinational enterprises are confronted with conflicts among compliance standards, compliance costs exert impacts on industrial competitiveness, and technical hurdles remain in the legalization of ethical principles. From the perspective of economic law, algorithmic collusion poses challenges to antitrust law, bargaining power between platforms and users is imbalanced, and trade-offs must be made between ex post remedies and ex ante prevention. Accordingly, this paper proposes reconstructing regulatory approaches within the framework of corporate compliance, including the tiered design of compliance obligations for entities, innovation of the liability regime under economic law, and establishment of a collaborative governance mechanism. The economic effect evaluation of institutional implementation indicates that a reasonable regulatory intensity should be determined to promote the sound and sustainable development of the AI industry under compliance requirements.