乡村振兴背景下怀化高校大学生返乡就业创业的心理机制与支持体系研究

Research on the Psychological Mechanism and Support System of College Students’ Return-Home Employment and Entrepreneurship in Huaihua’s Higher Education Institutions under the Background of Rural Revitalization

摘要: 乡村人才振兴是全面推进乡村振兴的关键支撑，大学生作为乡村人才的重要储备力量，其返乡就业创业决策不仅是经济理性的结果，更是乡土情感、社会期待与自我效能交织作用的心理过程。本研究以怀化高校大学生为研究对象，融合计划行为理论、社会支持理论与心理资本理论，构建“个体心理资源–社会支持环境–返乡决策意向”分析框架。通过对怀化高校1016名大学生的问卷调查发现：大学生返乡意愿处于中等偏上水平，自我效能感和社会支持感知是影响返乡意愿最显著的心理因素；有乡村经历、农村生源及家庭收入较低的学生返乡意愿更强。研究揭示了大学生在返乡决策中存在“想回又不敢回”的趋避冲突。基于这些提出了分类心理调适策略，并构建“政府–高校–社会–家庭”四维协同心理支持体系，旨在为怀化及同类欠发达地区的人才回流工作提供参考。本研究同时强调尊重人才自由流动的合理性，为大学生留城或返乡提供全面的信息与支持。

Abstract: The revitalization of rural talent is a critical support for comprehensively advancing rural revitalization. College students are an important reserve force for rural talent. Their decisions to return home for employment or entrepreneurship are not only the result of economic rationality but also a psychological process shaped by the interplay of hometown attachment, social expectations, and self-efficacy. Taking college students from universities in Huaihua as research subjects, this study integrates the Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Support Theory, and Psychological Capital Theory to construct an analytical framework of “individual psychological resources-social support environment-intention to return home.” Based on a questionnaire survey of 1016 college students in Huaihua, the study finds that students’ willingness to return home is at a moderately high level; self-efficacy and perceived social support are the most significant psychological factors affecting their return intention; and students with rural experience, from rural backgrounds, and from lower-income families have stronger return intentions. The study reveals an approach-avoidance conflict in students’ return decisions: “wanting to return but not daring to.” Based on these findings, it proposes differentiated psychological adjustment strategies and constructs a four-dimensional collaborative psychological support system involving “government-college-society-family,” aiming to provide a reference for talent return initiatives in Huaihua and similar less-developed areas. The study also emphasizes the importance of respecting the rationality of free talent mobility and providing comprehensive information and support for college students whether they choose to stay in cities or return home.